Great Site by ©2000 by R. Grant Jones Notes on the Septuagint
The Septuagint is the most ancient translation of the Old Testament into Greek. The translators were likely Jews of the dispersion, living in Alexandria, Egypt.
The beginning of the Jewish presence in Egypt is difficult to date precisely. There may have been a Jewish colony there as early as the tenth century BC, when Shishak (Shashanq) invaded Palestine and took treasures from the temple and the king’s palace (2 Chronicles 12.1-8). But certainly a number of Jews lived in Egypt after the murder of Gedaliah (~586 BC), when “the captains of the forces set out and went to Egypt; for they were afraid of the Chaldeans” (2 Kings 25-26). Jeremiah, Baruch, and the princesses also went into Egypt at that time, though Jeremiah prophecied that they would all “perish by the sword and by famine, until not one is left” (Jeremiah 43.6, 44.27). One expects, on the basis of that prophecy, that this was not the beginning of a permanent settlement. A lasting Jewish presence in Egypt can, however, be definitely dated from the the time of the founding of the city of Alexandria in 332 BC, when Alexander the Great granted them citizenship.
In time, the Jews in Alexandria lost familiarity with Hebrew, and spoke Greek instead. It was natural, then, that they would require a translation of the scriptures into Greek for public worship in the synagogues and for private study. An account of the translation of the Septuagint is told in The Letter of Aristeas, which claims that Demetrius Phalereus, who ran the royal library in Alexandria, urged the king (Philadelphus (285-247 BC)) to obtain a copy of the Jewish law for the library. Philadelphus sent a deputation to the high priest Eleazar in Jerusalem, and the result was that seventy-two elders arrived in Egypt with a copy of the Hebrew law written on rolls of skins in golden letters. They were given accommodations on the island of Pharos, and completed their translation in seventy-two days. The same basic account is given in Aristobulus, Philo, and Josephus.
Even if the account given in the Letter of Aristeas is inaccurate, it seems clear that the Hebrew Old Testament was available in Greek in Alexandria before the birth of Christ. As Christianity began to spread, the Septuagint was used with persuasive effect by Christian apologists – so well, in fact, that in time the Jews of the dispersion replaced it with newer works. For instance, a proselyte to Judaism named Aquila completed a extremely literal translation of the Old Testament into Greek about the year 128. Other translations were made by Theodotion of Ephesus and a certain Symmachus, called an Ebionite, also in the second century.
The most ancient manuscripts of the complete (or nearly complete) Septuagint are known as Vaticanus, Sinaiticus, and Alexandrinus. Vaticanus and Sinaiticus have been dated to the mid-fourth century, and Alexandrinus to the fifth.
Based on an earlier Hebrew original, the Septuagint departs from the Masoretic text* frequently. “The book of Jeremiah is noteworthy,” for instance, “in that the present Hebrew text differs substantially from the Greek version (the Septuagint) in both content and order. Thus the Septuagint omits several passages (e.g., 33.14-26) and combines the oracles against foreign nations into a single section following 25.14, though in a different order. In addition, there are many smaller differences from verse to verse. Remarkably, among the portions of the text of Jeremiah in Hebrew that are found among the Dead Sea Scrolls are not only those that reflect the standard Hebrew text but also those that reflect the text tradition represented by the Septuagint. It is likely, then, that these two text traditions represent the contrasting editorial work on the book of Jeremiah that took place in Egypt (the Septuagint tradition) and in Palestine or Babylon (the traditional Hebrew text).” [Introduction to the book of Jeremiah, The New Oxford Annotated Bible, page 960.] Around the end of the first century, the Hebrew text was standardized to a form nearly identical with the modern Masoretic text. Variant readings, such as those represented in the Septuagint, were no longer transmitted in the Hebrew language.
* The Masoretic text is the source from which modern translations into English are made. While the oldest complete manuscripts of the Septuagint date from the fourth century, the oldest complete Hebrew Old Testament, the Leningrad Codex, was copied in ~ 1008 A.D. Modern English translations of the Old Testament rely primarily on the Leningrad Codex as published in the Hebraica Stuttgartensia. For examples of Septuagint departures from the Masoretic text supported by the Dead Sea Scrolls, see the appendix.
Another contrast between the Septuagint and the modern Hebrew Old Testament involves the canon of scripture. The Septuagint includes several books and sections of books absent from the modern Hebrew text: 1 Esdras; Tobit; Judith; 1-3 Maccabees; the Wisdom of Solomon; the Wisdom of Sirach (Ecclesiasticus); Baruch; the Epistle of Jeremiah; The Song of the Three Children; Daniel and Susanna; Daniel, Bel and the Dragon; Additions to the Book of Esther; Psalm 151; and the Prayer of Manasseh. The difference in content has been explained in various ways. Perhaps the most straightforward account is that the Jews of Alexandria had a relatively broad canon, which was generally adopted by the Christians as they employed the Septuagint as their Old Testament. The Jews of Palestine, when they established their canon around the turn of the first century at the council of Jamnia, may have been reiterating the position that had been more or less settled in Palestine for some time – though some books just made (Esther, Ecclesiastes, the Song of Solomon, and Ezekiel, for instance) or missed (Sirach) the cut. The conflict with Christians may have served as a catalyst to push the Jews of the dispersion into the Palestinian camp. This article – concerned with the text of the books within the Hebrew canon – will not address the controversy surrounding the Old Testament canon in any depth.
From the time of Jerome (early fifth century), Old Testament translations to the vernacular in the West have used the Hebrew as the primary source – the Septuagint has been relegated to a secondary role. (Incidentally, some are under the mistaken impression – given by misleading language in the preface to the 1899 edition – that the Douay Old Testament was translated from a Latin text based on the Septuagint. Unfortunately, Jerome’s Vulgate – apart from the Psalms and the books then available only in Greek – by and large follows the Hebrew text.) It is hoped that the reader will reconsider the wisdom of this course of action, given the clear preference the New Testament displays for Septuagint readings. Fortunately, a new English translation of the Septuagint is being prepared for publication in 2004.
This article comprises two main sections. The first deals with the early Church’s use of the Septuagint – particularly their sense that the Hebrew text was unreliable. It begins with the discussion between Jerome and Augustine regarding the former’s decision to craft his Latin translation from the available Hebrew text, rather than from the Septuagint. It is from Jerome’s fateful choice that the West derives its tradition of favoring the Hebrew to the Greek. The second part of this article provides a detailed comparison of the New Testament quotations from the Old. These were made to assess the extent to which the New Testament authors depended on the Septuagint instead of the Hebrew text. Conclusions are given in the The Septuagint in the New Testament.
A fundamental change in the way the Church viewed the Old Testament was engineered by St. Jerome, early in the fifth century. Until that time, the Church had relied on the Septuagint in the East and on a Latin translation of the Septuagint in the West. When Jerome set about to make a new translation into Latin, he determined to revert to Hebrew for his source text.
The Church being an essentially conservative institution, his decision to follow such a novel course was criticized. It is interesting to read his response to that criticism, for he explains his decision on the basis of apostolic precedent – that is, that the New Testament authors made reference to the Hebrew Old Testament rather than to the Septuagint on several occasions:
| I have received letters so long and eagerly desired from my dear Desiderius … entreating me to put our friends in possession of a translation of the Pentateuch from Hebrew into Latin. The work is certainly hazardous and it is exposed to the attacks of my calumniators, who maintain that it is through contempt of the Seventy that I have set to work to forge a new version to take the place of the old. They thus test ability as they do wine; whereas I have again and again declared that I dutifully offer, in the Tabernacle of God what I can, and have pointed out that the great gifts which one man brings are not marred by the inferior gifts of another. But I was stimulated to undertake the task by the zeal of Origen, who blended with the old edition Theodotion’s translation and used throughout the work as distinguishing marks the asterisk and the obelus, that is the star and the spit, the first of which makes what had previously been defective to beam with light, while the other transfixes and slaughters all that was superfluous.But I was encouraged above all by the authoritative publications of the Evangelists and Apostles, in which we read much taken from the Old Testament which is not found in our manuscripts. For example, ‘Out of Egypt have I called my Son’ (Matt. 2.15): ‘For he shall be called a Nazarene’ (Ibid. 23): and ‘They shall look on him whom they pierced’ (John 19.37): and ‘Rivers of living water shall flow out of his belly’ (John 7.38): and ‘Things which eye hath not seen, nor ear heard, nor have entered into the heart of man, which God hath prepared for them that love him’ (1 Cor. 2.9), and many other passages which lack their proper context. Let us ask our opponents then where these things are written, and when they are unable to tell, let us produce them from the Hebrew. The first passage is in Hosea, (11.1), the second in Isaiah (11.1), the third in Zechariah (12.10), the fourth in Proverbs (18.4), the fifth also in Isaiah (64.4). …
Are we condemning our predecessors? By no means; but following the zealous labors of those who have preceded us we contribute such work as lies in our power in the name of the Lord. They translated before the Advent of Christ, and expressed in ambiguous terms that which they knew not. We after His Passion and Resurrection write not prophecy so much as history. For one style is suitable to what we hear, another to what we see. The better we understand a subject, the better we describe it. Hearken then, my rival: listen, my calumniator; I do not condemn, I do not censure the Seventy, but I am bold enough to prefer the Apostles to them all. It is the Apostle through whose mouth I hear the voice of Christ, and I read that in the classification of spiritual gifts they are placed before prophets (1 Cor. 12.28; Eph. 4.11), while interpreters occupy almost the lowest place. Why are you tormented with jealousy? Why do you inflame the minds of the ignorant against me? Wherever in translation I seem to you to go wrong, ask the Hebrews, consult their teachers in different towns. The words which exist in their Scriptures concerning Christ your copies do not contain. [From Jerome’s Apology, Book II, Nicene and Post Nicene Fathers, Second Series, Vol 3.] |
This is a fascinating passage. First, note that Jerome was correct in his statement that several New Testament passages follow the Hebrew meaning in distinction from the reading in the Septuagint. But it is curious that he believed the passage “For He shall be called a Nazarene” from Matthew 2.23 is a quotation from Isaiah 11.1 – it is not. That passage does not exist in any of our current texts – in Hebrew or in Greek. (Isaiah 11.1 does, however, contain the Hebrew word for branch,neser.) Similarly, the passage “Things which eye hath not seen, nor ear heard, nor have entered into the heart of man, which God hath prepared for them that love him” is not to be found in Isaiah 64.4, according to the Masoretes. Again, the passage “Rivers of living water shall flow out of his belly” which Jerome attributes to Proverbs 18.4 is not in our current Hebrew – though Proverbs 18.4 and Isaiah 58.11 both speak of water, there is no reference to that water’s pouring out of anyone’s belly. Did Jerome have access to a substantially different Hebrew source than we have today?
The other two examples Jerome provided to show how the Hebrew text enjoyed New Testament sanction are indeed absent from the Septuagint – see the list of similar passages. However, can Jerome have been ignorant of the far larger number of New Testament quotations from the Septuagint where the Greek version differs from the Hebrew? If New Testament warrant is the key determinant in deciding the source text to be employed in translation, the evidence fairly clearly supports the Septuagint over the Hebrew.
St. Augustine of Hippo was one of those who criticized Jerome’s decision to make his translation into Latin out of the Hebrew. He was concerned about two issues: (1) that the new Latin translation would lead to divergences with the Greek-speaking part of the Church, and (2) that the translation would not be authoritative since Jerome’s skill in the interpretation of Hebrew would be questioned, and validated only with great difficulty.
| For my part, I would much rather that you would furnish us with a translation of the Greek version of the canonical Scriptures known as the work of the Seventy translators. For if your translation begins to be more generally read in many churches, it will be a grievous thing that, in the reading of Scripture, differences must arise between the Latin Churches and the Greek Churches, especially seeing that the discrepancy is easily condemned in a Latin version by the production of the original in Greek, which is a language very widely known; whereas, if any one has been disturbed by the occurrence of something to which he was not accustomed in the translation taken from the Hebrew, and alleges that the new translation is wrong, it will be found difficult, if not impossible, to get at the Hebrew documents by which the version to which exception is taken may be defended. And when they are obtained, who will submit, to have so many Latin and Greek authorities: pronounced to be in the wrong? Besides all this, Jews, if consulted as to the meaning of the Hebrew text, may give a different opinion from yours: in which case it will seem as if your presence were indispensable, as being the only one who could refute their view; and it would be a miracle if one could be found capable of acting as arbiter between you and them. [From Augustine of Hippo’s, Letter LXXI, Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, First Series, Volume 1.] |
It would perhaps be an interesting study to determine the extent to which using different Old Testament texts has contributed to the separation between East and West through the centuries. Clearly, Augustine’s own reliance on a poor Latin translation of the book of Romans led him into erroneous conclusions regarding original sin.
Augustine went on to state his desire that Jerome would provide a fresh translation of the Old Testament into Latin from the Septuagint, since it “has no mean authority, seeing that it has obtained so wide circulation, and was the one which the apostles used, as is … proved by looking to the text itself.” In that statement, I think, it is clear that Augustine was correct. Yet Jerome was of a contrary opinion, stating “Wherever the Seventy agree with the Hebrew, the apostles took their quotations from that translation; but, where they disagree, they set down in Greek what they had found in the Hebrew. [Jerome’s Apology, Book II.]” But that claim is manifestly false – unless Jerome’s Hebrew text was radically different from what we possess today.
Jerome accused the Jews who translated the Septuagint of deliberately altering the Hebrew meaning in order to avoid offending or misleading the Ptolemaic king of Egypt for whom the work of translation was done. His desire, he stated, was to bring to light the underlying Hebrew meaning that had been repressed by those Jewish translators. Jerome thus lacked the near-ubiquitous suspicion of the Hebrew text shared by those who were in polemical combat with the Jews in the early centuries. He seemed to take the Hebrew text available to him at the time as verity. The notion that the Septuagint may have been based on a different underlying Hebrew – for which hypothesis the Dead Sea Scrolls furnish positive evidence (see the appendix) – seems never to have occurred to him.
One difficulty Jerome brought forth for those who would wish to prepare a translation into the Latin from the Septuagint, instead of the Hebrew, was the rarity of manuscripts that were not based on Origen’s Hexapla edition. Origen had attempted to reconstruct the text of the Septuagint by comparing that text available to him with the Hebrew and other Greek translations. Following Origen’s reconstructed Greek, Jerome had translated some of the canonical books into Latin. Augustine wrote to Jerome to ask him why he did not follow the same procedure in his new translation. Jerome replied:
| In another letter you ask why a former translation which I made of some of the canonical books was carefully marked with asterisks and obelisks, whereas I afterwards published a translation without these. You must pardon my saying that you seem to me not to understand the matter: for the former translation is from the Septuagint; and wherever obelisks are placed, they are designed to indicate that the Seventy have said more than is found in the Hebrew. But the asterisks indicate what has been added by Origen from the version of Theodotion. In that version I was translating from the Greek: but in the later version, translating from the Hebrew itself, I have expressed what I understood it to mean, being careful to preserve rather the exact sense than the order of the words. I am surprised that you do not read the books of the Seventy translators in the genuine form in which they were originally given to the world, but as they have been corrected, or rather corrupted, by Origen, with his obelisks and asterisks; and that you refuse to follow the translation, however feeble, which has been given by a Christian man, especially seeing that Origen borrowed the things which he has added from the edition of a man who, after the passion of Christ, was a Jew and a blasphemer. Do you wish to be a true admirer and partisan of the Seventy translators? Then do not read what you find under the asterisks; rather erase them from the volumes, that you may approve yourself indeed a follower of the ancients. If, however, you do this, you will be compelled to find fault with all the libraries of the Churches; for you will scarcely find more than one Ms. here and there which has not these interpolations. |
The copies of the Septuagint then widely available, according to Jerome, were actually Origen’s redaction – and perhaps the editorial symbols that would have allowed one to locate the true Septuagint reading were missing from many of the copies in the libraries. But clearly Jerome had access to copies which contained Origen’s symbols – in fact, the Hexapla was still extant in Caesarea of Palestine at the time Jerome wrote. And Jerome, as is clear, had translated some books into Latin from a copy of the Septuagint containing Origen’s symbols.
Origen’s reconstruction of the Septuagint was thought necessary, apparently, because of the diversity of readings in the many copies in circulation. In fact, in addition to Origen’s version, two other recensions of the Septuagint were prepared early in the fourth century: one by Lucian of Antioch, and the other by Hesychius of Egypt. The Hebrew then available to Jerome did not share the problem of multiple variant readings. This is perhaps the true reason why Jerome chose to translate from the Hebrew instead of the Greek. Yet, from Jerome’s remarks earlier, we can only surmise that his Hebrew text was somewhat different from our own, or his knowledge of the Hebrew language was inexact.
(One hundred years ago, it was though that the fourth century uncial manuscript known as Vaticanus reflected a neutral Septuagint text – neutral in the sense that it is relatively uneffected by Origen, Lucian and Hesychius’ efforts. Alexandrinus was said to show signs of both Origen and Lucian’s revisions. But the frequent correspondence between Alexandrinus and the New Testament suggested that it preserved a more ancient text. At that time, no firm judgment of Sinaiticus had been formed. I do not know what the current state of scholarship is on this matter. In terms of printed editions of the Septuagint, the Complutensian Polyglot, printed in 1517, reflects the Lucianic recension to an extent, while the Aldine edition of 1519, the Hesychian. The Septuagint text used in the comparisons in this article is that of Sir Lawrence Brenton (1851). Brenton’s text is based on Valpy’s 1819 edition, which in turn depends upon the Sixtine edition of 1587. This last corresponds roughly with Vaticanus. Extensive use has also been made of Alfred Rahlfs’semi-critical edition of 1935, especially to identify variant readings.)
The difficulty involved in locating a relatively uniform source from which to translate should not be an overwhelming deterrent to translation. If it were, we would not have the New Testament in English today: variant readings in the multiple extant New Testament manuscripts have elicited several recensions of that text since Erasmus’ time. So, though it was true that the Hebrew text had been standardized to an extent since the Septuagint was generated, and was thus likely to be more uniform than the Greek, these facts hardly justify abandoning the Old Testament of the apostles.
Contrast Origen’s viewpoint with Jerome’s. Though he was aware of numerous instances of divergence between the Septuagint readings and those of the Hebrew, yet his trust in God’s providence prevented him from automatically assuming that the Greek version was in error. How could God have suffered His Church to use an erroneous version of scripture for the first two hundred years of Its existence?
| Again, through the whole of Job there are many passages in the Hebrew which are wanting in our copies, generally four or five verses, but sometimes, however, even fourteen, and nineteen, and sixteen. But why should I enumerate all the instances I collected with so much labor, to prove that the difference between our copies and those of the Jews did not escape me? In Jeremiah I noticed many instances, and indeed in that book I found much transposition and variation in the readings of the prophecies. Again, in Genesis, the words, “God saw that it was good,” when the firmament was made, are not found in the Hebrew, and there is no small dispute among them about this; and other instances are to be found in Genesis, which I marked, for the sake of distinction, with the sign the Greeks call an obelisk, as on the other hand I marked with an asterisk those passages in our copies which are not found in the Hebrew. What needs there to speak of Exodus, where there is such diversity in what is said about the tabernacle and its court, and the ark, and the garments of the high priest and the priests, that sometimes the meaning even does not seem to be akin? And, forsooth, when we notice such things, we are forthwith to reject as spurious the copies in use in our Churches, and enjoin the brotherhood to put away the sacred books current among them, and to coax the Jews, and persuade them to give us copies which shall be untampered with, and free from forgery! Are we to suppose that that Providence which in the sacred Scriptures has ministered to the edification of all the Churches of Christ, had no thought for those bought with a price, for whom Christ died; whom, although His Son, God who is love spared not, but gave Him up for us all, that with Him He might freely give us all things? |
Indeed, Origen remained true to the Septuagint, but he also perceived great value in knowledge of the Hebrew, particularly in discussions with the Jews.
| In all these cases consider whether it would not be well to remember the words, “Thou shalt not remove the ancient landmarks which thy fathers have set.” Nor do I say this because I shun the labor of investigating the Jewish Scriptures, and comparing them with ours, and noticing their various readings. This, if it be not arrogant to say it, I have already to a great extent done to the best of my ability, laboring hard to get at the meaning in all the editions and various readings; while I paid particular attention to the interpretation of the Seventy, lest I might to be found to accredit any forgery to the Churches which are under heaven, and give an occasion to those who seek such a starting-point for gratifying their desire to slander the common brethren, and to bring some accusation against those who shine forth in our community. And I make it my endeavor not to be ignorant of their various readings, lest in my controversies with the Jews I should quote to them what is not found in their copies, and that I may make some use of what is found there, even although it should not be in our Scriptures. For if we are so prepared for them in our discussions, they will not, as is their manner, scornfully laugh at Gentile believers for their ignorance of the true reading as they have them. [Origen,A Letter from Origen to Africanus, Ante-Nicene Fathers, Volume 4.] |
We find the same regard for the Septuagint a few years earlier, in the second century, when we examine the writings of Sts. Irenaeus of Lyons and Justin Martyr. In his Against Heresies, Irenaeus discussed one point of contention between the Jews and Christians of his day over the Old Testament – the prophecy of the virgin in Isaiah 7.14:
| God, then, was made man, and the Lord did Himself save us, giving us the token of the Virgin. But not as some allege, among those now presuming to expound the Scripture, [thus: ] “Behold, a young woman shall conceive, and bring forth a son,” as Theodotion the Ephesian has interpreted, and Aquila of Pontus, both Jewish proselytes. The Ebionites, following these, assert that He was begotten by Joseph; thus destroying, as far as in them lies, such a marvelous dispensation of God, and setting aside the testimony of the prophets which proceeded from God. For truly this prediction was uttered before the removal of the people to Babylon; that is, anterior to the supremacy acquired by the Medes and Persians. But it was interpreted into Greek by the Jews themselves, much before the period of our Lord’s advent, that there might remain no suspicion that perchance the Jews, complying with our humor, did put this interpretation upon these words. They indeed, had they been cognizant of our future existence, and that we should use these proofs from the Scriptures, would themselves never have hesitated to burn their own Scriptures, which do declare that all other nations partake of [eternal] life, and show that they who boast themselves as being the house of Jacob and the people of Israel, are disinherited from the grace of God. [From Irenaeus, Against Heresies, Book III, Chapter XXI, Ante-Nicene Fathers, Volume 1.] |
Irenaeus argued that since the Jews themselves made this translation – which proves the deity of the Savior – long before the advent of Christ, it is free from bias; while their new translations (those of Aquila and Theodotion) are tainted by their hatred for Christianity. The extent of Irenaus’ admiration for the Septuagint can be gauged from the following account of the history of the translation, which hints at divine involvement. This account differs somewhat from that given in The Letter of Aristeas, discussed in the Introduction:
| For before the Romans possessed their kingdom, while as yet the Macedonians held Asia, Ptolemy the son of Lagus, being anxious to adorn the library which he had founded in Alexandria, with a collection of the writings of all men, which were [works] of merit, made request to the people of Jerusalem, that they should have their Scriptures translated into the Greek language. And they – for at that time they were still subject to the Macedonians – sent to Ptolemy seventy of their elders, who were thoroughly skilled in the Scriptures and in both the languages, to carry out what he had desired. But he, wishing to test them individually, and fearing lest they might perchance, by taking counsel together, conceal the truth in the Scriptures, by their interpretation, separated them from each other, and commanded them all to write the same translation. He did this with respect to all the books. But when they came together in the same place before Ptolemy, and each of them compared his own interpretation with that of every other, God was indeed glorified, and the Scriptures were acknowledged as truly divine. For all of them read out the common translation [which they had prepared] in the very same words and the very same names, from beginning to end, so that even the Gentiles present perceived that the Scriptures had been interpreted by the inspiration of God. And there was nothing astonishing in God having done this, – He who, when, during the captivity of the people under Nebuchadnezzar, the Scriptures had been corrupted, and when, after seventy years, the Jews had returned to their own land, then, in the times of Artaxerxes king of the Persians, inspired Esdras the priest, of the tribe of Levi, to recast all the words of the former prophets, and to re-establish with the people the Mosaic legislation. |
Irenaeus, as Augustine did more than two centuries later, acknowledged that the witness of the New Testament authors is in favor of the Septuagint:
| Since, therefore, the Scriptures have been interpreted with such fidelity, and by the grace of God, and since from these God has prepared and formed again our faith towards His Son, and has preserved to us the unadulterated Scriptures in Egypt, where the house of Jacob flourished, fleeing from the famine in Canaan; where also our Lord was preserved when He fled from the persecution set on foot by Herod; and [since] this interpretation of these Scriptures was made prior to our Lord’s descent [to earth], and came into being before the Christians appeared – for our Lord was born about the forty-first year of the reign of Augustus; but Ptolemy was much earlier, under whom the Scriptures were interpreted; – [since these things are so, I say, ] truly these men are proved to be impudent and presumptuous, who would now show a desire to make different translations, when we refute them out of these Scriptures, and shut them up to a belief in the advent of the Son of God. But our faith is steadfast, unfeigned, and the only true one, having clear proof from these Scriptures, which were interpreted in the way I have related; and the preaching of the Church is without interpolation. For the apostles, since they are of more ancient date than all these [heretics], agree with this aforesaid translation; and the translation harmonizes with the tradition of the apostles. For Peter, and John, and Matthew, and Paul, and the rest successively, as well as their followers, did set forth all prophetical [announcements], just as the interpretation of the elders contains them. |
Thus, in Irenaeus’ view, just as God preserved the Israelites through the time of famine safe in the land of Egypt, God kept his word safe in Alexandria though the instrumentality of unbiased Jewish translators.
Writing just a few years earlier than Irenaeus, Justin Martyr presented the same history of the Septuagint’s production. Then he added:
| These things, ye men of Greece, are no fable, nor do we narrate fictions; but we ourselves having been in Alexandria, saw the remains of the little cots at the Pharos still preserved, and having heard these things from the inhabitants, who had received them as part of their country’s tradition, we now tell to you what you can also learn from others, and specially from those wise and esteemed men who have written of these things, Philo and Josephus, and many others. [From Justin’s Hortatory Address to the Greeks, Ante-Nicene Fathers, Volume 1.] |
Though he was willing to debate the Jews on the basis of their version of scripture, Justin alleged that the Jews had removed passages which he discovered only in the Septuagint.
In short, the vast majority of early Christian writers quoted extensively from the Septuagint, and some considered it a divinely inspired translation. St. Clement of Rome, writing in the first century, provides the earliest non-canonical example. It has been estimated that approximately half of his Old Testament quotations are directly from the Septuagint, the remainder being variations due to imperfect memory on the one hand and the use of a text closer to the second century Greek translations of Theodotion or Aquila on the other. Until the religious controversy with Christians arose, the Septuagint was held in very high regard by Jews also. Philo of Alexandria – who, with Irenaeus and Justin, believed that the seventy-two translators had miraculously produced identical translations though isolated in separate cells – and Josephus are eminent examples.
But it is also true that all the Fathers of the Church did not share an aversion to the Hebrew text. One can find examples where they consulted with those knowledgeable in Hebrew in order to gain a deeper understanding of the Biblical message. St. Basil the Great, for instance, in commenting on the text “the Spirit of God was borne upon the face of the waters” says:
| How then did the Spirit of God move upon the waters? The explanation that I am about to give you is not an original one, but that of a Syrian, who was as ignorant in the wisdom of this world as he was versed in the knowledge of the Truth. He said, then, that the Syriac word was more expressive, and that being more analogous to the Hebrew term it was a nearer approach to the scriptural sense. This is the meaning of the word; by “was borne” the Syrians, he says, understand: it cherished the nature of the waters as one sees a bird cover the eggs with her body and impart to them vital force from her own warmth. Such is, as nearly as possible, the meaning of these words – the Spirit was borne: let us understand, that is, prepared the nature of water to produce living beings: a sufficient proof for those who ask if the Holy Spirit took an active part in the creation of the world [The Hexaemeron, Homily II, Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, Second Series, Volume 8.] |
Similarly, St. Gregory of Nyssa consulted Aquila and Symmachus’ translations from an original very close to the Masoretic Hebrew to clarify the meaning of Genesis 1.2. (See his Hexaemeron.) When discussing the meaning of Proverbs 8.27, Gregory indicated a willingness to consult the Hebrew to ascertain the meaning of the word rendered “created” in the Septuagint [Against Eunomius, Book I, Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, Second Series, Volume 5, page 63]. Perhaps we should emulate the early Christians’ faithfulness to the Septuagint – on the grounds that it is the Old Testament largely witnessed by the New – but temper that loyalty with appreciation for the current Hebrew text.
The claim, repeated above by Irenaeus and Augustine, that the New Testament authors relied upon the Septuagint, is examined in the second part of this article: The Septuagint in the New Testament.
blue provides the total number of quotations from the Old Testament in each New Testament book. In addition, this line shows the total of all verses in the Old Testament books quoted, the total number of quotations (320), and the frequency of quotations for those books taken as a whole. Thus, for the 24 Old Testament books listed, the average frequency of quotations is 18.0 per every thousand verses. Of course, if the entire Old Testament were taken into account, the quotation frequency would be much lower. To include verse counts from books not quoted (Joshua, Judges, 1 & 2 Chronicles, etc.) would, however, ensnare us in the question of the Old Testament canon, which is outside the scope of the present investigation.
As a guide to reading the table, note that the book of Genesis has 1508 verses and is quoted 31 times in the New Testament. The number of quotations from Genesis, divided by the number of verses in that book and multiplied by 1000, yields 20.6 – implying that Genesis was a bit more poppular with New Testament authors than the average Old Testament book. Continuing along the “Genesis” row, we see that four of these quotations appear in the book of Acts, and nine in Romans. Looking along the columns, observe that the book of John quotes the Old Testament only 14 times – the least of any gospel. John quotes the Psalms 7 times, Isaiah 4 times, and Zechariah twice. (Fractional quotations will be explained shortly.)
|
# of
verses |
# of
quot. |
Quot.
freq. |
|||||||||||||||||
| Total |
17,764
|
320
|
18.0
|
||||||||||||||||
| Genesis |
1508
|
31
|
20.6
|
||||||||||||||||
| Exodus |
1213
|
31.33
|
25.8
|
||||||||||||||||
| Leviticus |
859
|
15.33
|
17.8
|
||||||||||||||||
| Numbers |
1288
|
2
|
1.5
|
||||||||||||||||
| Deut. |
927
|
43.33
|
46.8
|
||||||||||||||||
| 1 Samuel |
810
|
1
|
1.2
|
||||||||||||||||
| 2 Samuel |
694
|
2.5
|
3.6
|
||||||||||||||||
| 1 Kings |
816
|
2
|
2.5
|
||||||||||||||||
| Job |
1070
|
2
|
1.9
|
||||||||||||||||
| Psalms |
2461
|
76.5
|
31.1
|
||||||||||||||||
| Proverbs |
915
|
6
|
6.6
|
||||||||||||||||
| Isaiah |
1292
|
65.5
|
50.7
|
||||||||||||||||
|
# of
verses |
# of
quot. |
Quot.
freq. |
|||||||||||||||||
| Jeremiah |
1364
|
5
|
3.7
|
||||||||||||||||
| Ezekiel |
1273
|
1.5
|
1.2
|
||||||||||||||||
| Daniel |
356
|
5
|
13.7
|
||||||||||||||||
| Hosea |
186
|
7
|
37.6
|
||||||||||||||||
| Joel |
73
|
2
|
27.4
|
||||||||||||||||
| Amos |
146
|
2
|
13.7
|
||||||||||||||||
| Jonah |
48
|
1
|
20.8
|
||||||||||||||||
| Micah |
105
|
2
|
19.0
|
||||||||||||||||
| Habakkuk |
56
|
4
|
71.4
|
||||||||||||||||
| Haggai |
38
|
1
|
26.3
|
||||||||||||||||
| Zechariah |
211
|
7
|
33.2
|
||||||||||||||||
| Malachi |
55
|
4
|
72.7
|
(2) The verse count for each book is based on the Authorized Version. The Septuagint will have different verse counts for some of these books. It was my judgment that the variation in book length between the Septuagint and Hebrew-based English translations would be an insignificant factor. The greatest discrepancies will be for Jeremiah, Daniel and Job, books not particularly popular with New Testament authors.
(3) Many of these 320 distinct quotations are of the same Old Testament passage. For instance, each time the author of the book of Hebrews quotes Psalm 95.7, it is counted as a separate citation.
Notice that fifteen Old Testament books from the Hebrew canon are not quoted at all: Joshua, Judges, Ruth, 2 Kings, 1 & 2 Chronicles, Ezra, Nehemiah, Esther, Ecclesiastes, Song of Solomon, Lamentations, Obadiah, Nahum, and Zephaniah.
Of those that are quoted, Psalms and Isaiah are the most popular, followed by Deuteronomy and Exodus. These four books show good strength of usage across the span of New Testament books. Eighty-two percent of all Old Testment quotations are from just six books: Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Deuteronomy, Psalms and Isaiah.
If the size of the Old Testament books is taken into account, one realizes that the tiny works of Malachi and Habakkuk were very rich with meaning for the New Testament authors. When popularity is measured in this way, Isaiah and Deuteronomy come in third and fourth respectively. Hosea is fifth and Zechariah sixth.
Other observations: almost 1/3 of the quotations in Romans are from Isaiah, while 43% of the quotations in Hebrews are from Psalms. Matthew and Luke rely on the books of the Law for almost 40% of their quotes (this jumps to 50 % with Mark), but John avoids the Torah almost completely, concentrating instead on Psalms, Isaiah and Zechariah.
Ezekiel, a relatively large book, is quoted only one and one-half times in the New Testament. It has the lowest quotation frequency for any book actually referenced.
The basic set of quotations for this study was furnished by the “Index of Quotations” in Aland, Karavidopoulos, Martini and Metzger’s The Greek New Testament, Fourth Revised Edition, published by the United Bible Societies. Hereafter, I will refer to this source as UBS. I was unable, however, to see any connection between 2 Samuel 7.8 and 2 Corinthians 6.18, listed in UBS as a quotation, so I deleted this item from the set. Two additional exceptions: UBS presents Mt 21.5 as a single quotation from two sources – Isaiah 62.11 and Zechariah 9.9. It seems clear, however, that this should be viewed as two non-overlapping quotations, since Isaiah 62.11 simply provides an opening phrase which the quotation from Zechariah follows. In addition, UBS views Luke 4.18-19 as a quotation from Isaiah 61.1 alone. However, since Luke has introduced a line from Isaiah 58.6 into the midst of that quotation, I have followed suit.
I must say that several of the quotations in the Index hardly seem like quotations at all. In addition, several passages which seem fairly clearly to be quotations (Daniel 11.31/12.11 in Matthew 24.15/Mark 13.14; Isaiah 66.24 in Mark 9.48; Sirach 4.1 in Mark 10.19; Jeremiah 11.7 in Mark 11.17; Isaiah 53.12 in Mark 15.28; Malachi 4.5-6 in Luke 1.17; Psalm 62.12/Psalm 24.12 in Romans 2.6; Isaiah 8.12 in 1 Peter 3.14; Psalm 2.8, 9 in Revelation 2.27; Isaiah 22.22 in Revelation 3.7; and others) are missing from the Index. I was tempted to scrub the list of quotations of questionable entries (Deuteronomy 25.5 is a good example) and augment it with more worthy ones. However, employing an objective set of quotations provided by an outside source bolsters the objectivity of the work. In addition, the questionable quotations and the candidates for inclusion appear not to influence the overall conclusions in any significant way.
For each quotation, I have prepared a side-by-side comparison of the New Testament and Septuagint Greek texts. To add clarity, and to provide an opportunity to assess agreement with the Masoretic Hebrew text, I supplemented this primary Greek comparison with Brenton’s English translation of the Septuagint, and the Old and New Testament passages in the English of the 1901 American Standard Version. My own comments appear at the bottom of each page. The comparison format is described in more detail here.
(One word of caution: I am no expert in Greek. With tools such as those provided at the Perseus Project web site, I can translate New Testament and Septuagint passages. However, I have little to no familiarity with Hebrew. Thus, I have relied on a variety of translations – and the definitions given in Young’s Analytical Concordance – to assess the meaning of the Masoretic text.)
As I proceeded to prepare side-by-side comparisons for the quotations, I noticed a tendency on the part of New Testament authors to deviate from the exact wording of the Septuagint, though they often kept the same sense, or applied the text in a novel way. For instance, they would change the person and/or number of a verb to suit their purposes. Strictly speaking, these were usually deviations from both the Hebrew and the Septuagint; thus, these deviations seemed of no consequence in the evaluation of the influence of the Septuagint on the New Testament. However, there were cases where the Septuagint and the Hebrew differed in meaning, and the New Testament followed one against the sense of the other.
I determined, therefore, to categorize the comparisons in two separate ways. First, I would assess the meaning of the texts, and evaluate the degree of agreement: where the Septuagint and the Masoretic text differ in meaning, did the New Testament author follow the sense of the Septuagint against the Hebrew, or did he follow the Hebrew against he Septuagint? Second, I would assess the degree to which the New Testament author employed poetic license in his use of the Septuagint.
Assessment of Agreement in Meaning
The New Testament authors show a clear preference for the Septuagint over Masoretic readings. The following table provides a selection of thirty of the more significant New Testament deviations toward the Septuagint. The second column shows the New Testament wording, and the rightmost column has the wording from the Hebrew Old Testament. In each case, the New Testament author is true to the Septuagint. Red is used to highlight differences between Hebrew and Greek. All quotations are from the Revised Standard Version.
| Matthew 1.23/Isaiah 7.14 | “Behold, a virgin shall conceive and bear a son, and his name shall be called Emmanuel” (which means, God with us). | Behold, a young woman shall conceive and bear a son, and shall call his name Immanuel. |
| Matthew 12.21/Isaiah 42.4 | “and in his name will the Gentiles hope.” | and the coastlands wait for his law. |
| Matthew 13.14-15/ Isaiah 6.9-10 | “For this people’s heart has grown dull, and their ears are heavy of hearing, and their eyes they have closed” | Make the heart of this people fat, and their ears heavy, and shut their eyes |
| Matthew 15.8-9/Isaiah 29.13 | “in vain do they worship me, teaching as doctrines the precepts of men.” | and their fear of me is a commandment of men learned by rote |
| Matthew 21.16/Psalm 8.2 | “Out of the mouths of babes and sucklings thou hast brought perfect praise“ | by the mouths of babes and infants thou hast founded a bulwark |
| Luke 3.4-6/ Isaiah 40.3-5 | “and all flesh shall see the salvation of God.” | and all flesh shall see it together |
| Luke 4.18-19/Isaiah 61.1-2 | “to proclaim release to the captives and recovering of sight to the blind“ | to proclaim liberty to the captives, and the opening of the prison to those who are bound |
| Acts 7.42-43/Amos 5.25-27 | “And you took up the tent of Moloch, and the star of the god Rephan, the figures which you made to worship” | You shall take up Sakkuth your king, and Kaiwan your star-god, your images, which you made for yourselves |
| Acts 8.32-33/Isaiah 53.7-8 | “In his humiliation justice was denied him, Who can describe his generation? For his life is taken up from the earth.” | By oppression and judgment he was taken away; and as for his generation, who considered that he was cut off out of the land of the living |
| Acts 13.41/Habakkuk 1.5 | “Behold, you scoffers, and wonder, and perish“ | Look among the nations, and see; wonder and be astounded |
| Acts 15.16-17/Amos 9.11-12 | “that the rest of men may seek the Lord, and all the Gentiles who are called by my name” | that they may possess the remnant of Edom and all the nations who are called by my name |
| Romans 2.24/Isaiah 52.5 | “The name of God is blasphemed among the Gentiles because of you.” | Their rulers wail, says the LORD, and continually all the day my name is despised |
| Romans 9.27-28/Isaiah 10.22-23 | Though the number of the sons of Israel be as the sand of the sea, only a remnant of them shall be saved“ | For though your people Israel be as the sand of the sea, only a remnant of them will return |
| Romans 10.20/Isaiah 65.1 | “I have shown myself to those who did not ask for me” | I was ready to be sought by those who did not ask for me |
| Romans 11.9-10/Psalm 69.22 | “Let their table become a snare and a trap, a pitfall and a retribution for them; let their eyes be darkened so that they cannot see, and bend their backs for ever.” | Let their own table before them become a snare; let their sacrificial feasts [Heb. – for security] be a trap. Let their eyes be darkened, so that they cannot see; and make their loins tremble continually |
| Romans 11.26-27/ Isaiah 59.20-21 | “The Deliverer will come from Zion, he will banish ungodliness from Jacob“ | And he will come to Zion as Redeemer, to those in Jacob who turn from transgression |
| Romans 11.34/Isaiah 40.13 | “For who has known the mind of the Lord, or who has been his counselor?” | Who has directed the Spirit of the LORD, or as his counsellor instructed him? |
| Romans 15.12/Isaiah 11.10 | “The root of Jesse shall come, he who rises to rule the Gentiles; in him shall the Gentiles hope.” | the root of Jesse shall stand as an ensign to the peoples; him shall the nations seek |
| Heb 1.6/ Deut. 32.43 | “Let all God’s angels worship him.” | The MT omits this quotation |
| Heb 2.6-8/ Psalm 8.4-6 | “Thou didst make him a little lower than the angels“ | thou hast made him a little less than God |
| Heb 2.13/ Isaiah 8.17 | “I will put my trust in him.” | I will hope in him |
| Heb 3.15/ Psalm 95.7-8 | “Today, when you hear his voice, do not harden your hearts as in the rebellion.” | O that today you would hearken to his voice! Harden not your hearts, as at Meribah |
| Heb 8.8-12/ Jer. 31.31-34 | “for they did not continue in my covenant, and so I paid no heed to them, says the Lord” | my covenant which they broke, though I was their husband, says the LORD |
| Heb 10.5-7/Psalm 40.6-8 | “Sacrifices and offerings thou hast not desired; but a body hast thou prepared for me“ | Sacrifice and offering thou dost not desire; but thou hast given me an open ear |
| Heb 10.37-38/Hab 2.3-4 | “and if he shrinks back, my soul has no pleasure in him.” | Behold, he whose soul is not upright in him shall fail [Heb. – is puffed up] |
| Heb 11.21/Genesis 47.31 | “By faith Jacob … bowing in worship over the head of his staff.” | Then Israel bowed himself upon the head of his bed |
| Heb 12.5-6/ Prov 3.11-12 |
“For the Lord disciplines him whom he loves, and chastises every son whom he receives.” | for the LORD reproves him whom he loves, as a father the son in whom he delights |
| James 4.6/ Prov 3.34 | “God opposes the proud, but gives grace to the humble.” | Toward the scorners he is scornful, but to the humble he shows favor |
| 1 Pet 2.22/ Isaiah 53.9 |
He committed no sin; no guile was found on his lips | although he had done no violence, and there was no deceit in his mouth |
| 1 Pet 4.18/ Prov 11.31 |
“If the righteous man is scarcely saved, where will the impious and sinner appear?” | If the righteous is requited on earth, how much more the wicked and the sinner! |
Table 2: Sample New Testament Quotations of the SeptuagintThe Table of Quotations in New Testament Order contains a column entitled “Meaning.” Some quotations are annotated in this column with a “J,” an “H” or a “D.” A “J” indicates that the quotation agrees with the Septuagint agains the sense of the Masoretic text, an “H” that the quotation supports the Hebrew sense against the Septuagint. The quotation is marked by a “D” when the quotation disagrees in meaning with both the Septuagint and the Hebrew. The following table summarizes the disagreement of the New Testament with the Septuagint as a source. The general structure of the table is the same as Table 1 above. For each New Testament book, the number of quotations from each Old Testament book is shown, but the number of times the New Testament reading differs in meaning from the Septuagint text – both “H” and “D” readings – is also indicated. Thus, Matthew differs in sense from the Septuagint 9 times out of 54 quotations. Three of these disagreements occur when Matthew quotes from Isaiah. Looking along the rows, note that Deuteronomy is quoted against the sense of the Septuagint 7 times, two of these quotations occurring in the book of Romans.
|
# of
quot. |
|||||||||||||||||
| Total |
22.5/320
|
||||||||||||||||
| Genesis |
0/31
|
||||||||||||||||
| Exodus |
0/31.33
|
||||||||||||||||
| Leviticus |
0/15.83
|
||||||||||||||||
| Numbers |
0/2
|
||||||||||||||||
| Deut. |
7/43.33
|
||||||||||||||||
| 1 Samuel |
0/1
|
||||||||||||||||
| 2 Samuel |
0/2.5
|
||||||||||||||||
| 1 Kings |
0/2
|
||||||||||||||||
| Job |
2/2
|
||||||||||||||||
| Psalms |
1/76.5
|
||||||||||||||||
| Proverbs |
0/6
|
||||||||||||||||
| Isaiah |
5.5/65.5
|
||||||||||||||||
|
# of
quot. |
|||||||||||||||||
| Jeremiah |
0/5
|
||||||||||||||||
| Ezekiel |
0/1
|
||||||||||||||||
| Daniel |
0/5
|
||||||||||||||||
| Hosea |
1/7
|
||||||||||||||||
| Joel |
0/2
|
||||||||||||||||
| Amos |
0/2
|
||||||||||||||||
| Jonah |
0/1
|
||||||||||||||||
| Micah |
1/2
|
||||||||||||||||
| Habakkuk |
0/4
|
||||||||||||||||
| Haggai |
0/1
|
||||||||||||||||
| Zechariah |
2/7
|
||||||||||||||||
| Malachi |
3/4
|
Table 4: Percentage Agree- |
Other conclusions can be drawn. Considering the New Testament as comprised of the synoptic gospels, John, Acts, Paul’s epistles, Hebrews, and the catholic epistles, the following agreement percentages are found:Synoptic gospels – 86.9 John – 92.9 Acts – 100 Paul’s epistles – 94.2 Hebrews – 97.3 Catholic epistles – 94.1If we group Luke’s writings, Luke and Acts, we find an agreement rate of 97%. Clearly, the gospels tend to diverge from the Septuagint most frequently, with Matthew showing the most disagreement.Looking instead at the source books, the agreement between the New Testament and the Septuagintal versions of Job, Micah and Malachi is quite poor.Perhaps the most impressive aspect of Table 4 relates to the excellent agreement for Genesis, Exodus and Psalms, with almost 139 quotations drawn from these three books, and only one disagreement.Overall, the agreement in sense between the New Testament and the Septuagint is 93%. This compares favorably with the rate of agreement between the New Testament quotations and the Hebrew Old Testament, 68%. An analysis of the degree of agreement between the Hebrew Old Testament and New Testament quotations – similar to that just presented for the Septuagint – may be viewed by clicking here. |
Table 5: Percentage Agreement
by New Testament Book |
The following figure compares the results presented in Table 4 with similar results comparing agreement between the New Testament and the Masoretic text. Septuagint results are presented in blue, while those for the Masoretic text are in red. Note in particular the tendency of the New Testament authors to disagree with the Masoretic version of Isaiah.
 Figure 2: Agreement by Old Testament Book (Septuagint versus Hebrew) |
In fact, among all the books quoted from most frequently – Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Deuteronomy,, Psalms and Isaiah – the Septuagint does better than the Masoretic text.
Masoretic readings are preferred by the New Testament authors when they reference Job, Zechariah and Malachi. It is understandable, therefore, that Jerome, in his critiques of the Septuagint, emphasized passages from Hosea and Zechariah to support his contention that the New Testament authors diverged from the Septuagint whenever the Greek departed in meaning from the Hebrew. Evidently, he was embarrassed by the Septuagint – and this embarrassment blinded him to the New Testament’s preference to that version. “It would be tedious now to enumerate, what great additions and omissions the Septuagint has made, and all the passages which in church-copies are marked with daggers and asterisks [symbols indicating words present in the Greek but absent in the Hebrew, and vice versa]. The Jews generally laugh when they hear our version of this passage of Isaiah, ‘Blessed is he that hath seed in Zion and servants in Jerusalem [Is. 31.9].’ In Amos also … But how shall we deal with the Hebrew originals in which these passages and others like them are omitted, passages so numerous that to reproduce them would require books without number? [Letter LVII]” One wonders whether Jerome would have been able to overcome this evident social pressure against the Greek version if he had been aware of the diversity of the ancient Hebrew texts.
Similar results are presented by New Testament book immediately below.
 Figure 3: Agreement by New Testament Book (Septuagint versus Hebrew) |
As a rule, each New Testament author agrees with the Septuagint translators more frequently than with the Massoretes. The most striking contrasts are in John’s gospel, Acts, Romans, Galatians, Hebrews, James and 1 Peter.
Although, as noted above, the disagreement with the Septuagint is most pronounced in the synoptic gospels, these diverge from the Masoretic text even more strongly than they do from the Septuagint. This is not at all what one would have expected from reading Jerome’s Lives of Illustrious Men. “Matthew, also called Levi, apostle and aforetimes publican, composed a gospel of Christ at first published in Judea in Hebrew for the sake of those of the circumcision who believed, but this was afterwards translated into Greek though by what author is uncertain. The Hebrew itself has been preserved until the present day in the library at Caesarea which Pamphilus so diligently gathered. I have also had the opportunity of having this volume described to me by the Nazarenes of Borea, a city of Syria, who use it. In this it is to be noted that wherever the Evangelist, whether on his own account or in the person of our Lord the Saviour quotes the testimony of the Old Testament he does not follow the authority of the translators of the Septuagint but the Hebrew.” The reader can himself test the verity of this statement directly or by consulting Figure 3, which shows that even Matthew preferred the Septuagint to the Hebrew.
Presentation of New Testament Divergences from the Septuagint
For completeness, I present here a table (similar to Table 2 above) showing those instances where the New Testament follows the Hebrew sense against the Septuagint. Two of these, Malachi 3.1 (3 times) and Isaiah 8.14 (twice), are quoted by several New Testament authors. Since Romans 9.33/Isaiah 8.14 is counted as half a quotation, the New Testament follows the Hebrew against the sense of the Septuagint 8.5 times.
Testament Reference |
|
|
| Matt 2.15/ Hosea 11.1 | “Out of Egypt have I called my son.” | out of Egypt have I called his children. |
| Matt 11.10/ Malachi 3.1 | “Behold, I send my messenger before thy face, who shall prepare thy way before thee.” | Behold, I send forth my messenger, and he shall survey the way before me. |
| John 19.37/ Zech. 12.10 | “They shall look upon him whom they have pierced.” | They shall look upon me, because they have mocked me. |
| Rom 9.33/ Isaiah 8.14 | “a stumbling stone and a rock of offense“ | a stumbling stone, neither against the falling of a rock |
| Rom 11.35/ Job 41.11 |
“Or who has given a gift to him that he might be repaid.“ | or who will resist me, and abide |
| 1 Cor 3.19/ Job 5.13 |
“He catches the wise in their craftiness“ | who takes the wise in their wisdom |
The following table depicts occasions where the New Testament diverges in meaning from both the Hebrew of the Massoretes and the Septuagint. Red type is used to indicate discrepancies in meaning. Green indicates the words so colored are omitted from the New Testament quotation. Certain words are underlined in Mark 12.29-30 to facilitate comparison. The translations in both the New Testament and Masoretic Text columns are from the Revised Standard Version.
Testament Reference |
|||
| Matt 2.6/ Micah 5.2 |
“And you, O Bethlehem, in the land of Judah, are by no means least among the rulers of Judah; for from you shall come a ruler who will govern my people Israel.” | And thou, Bethleem, house of Ephratha, art few in number to be reckoned among the thousands of Juda; yet out of thee shall one come forth to me, to be a ruler of Israel | But you, O Bethlehem Ephrathah,who are little to be among the clans of Judah, from you shall come forth for me one who is to be ruler in Israel |
| Matt 4.15-16/ Isaiah 9.1-2 |
“The land of Zebulun and the land of Naphtali, toward the sea, across the Jordan, Galilee of the Gentiles – the people who sat in darkness have seen a great light, and for those who sat in the region and shadow of death light has dawned” | O land of Zebulun, land of Nephthalim, and the rest inhabiting the sea-coast, and the land beyond the Jordan, Galilee of the Gentiles. O people walking in darkness, behold a great light: ye that dwell in the region and shadow of death, a light shall shine upon you | the land of Zebulun and the land of Naphtali, but in the latter time he will make glorious the way of the sea, the land beyond the Jordan, Galilee of the nations. The people who walked in darkness have seen a great light; those who dwelt in a land of deep darkness, on them has light shined. |
| Matt 8.17/ Isaiah 53.4 |
“He took our infirmities and bore our diseases” | He bears our sins, and is pained for us | Surely he has borne our griefs and carried our sorrows |
| Matt 12.18-20/ Isaiah 42.1-3 |
“Behold, my servant whom I have chosen, my beloved with whom I am well pleased. I will put my Spirit upon him, and he shall proclaim justice to the Gentiles. He will not wrangle or cry aloud, nor will any one hear his voice in the streets; he will not break a bruised reed or quench a smoldering wick, till he brings justice to victory; and in his name will the Gentiles hope.” | Jacob is my servant, I will help him; Israel is my chosen, my soul has accepted him; I have put my Spirit upon him; he shall bring forth judgment to the Gentiles. He shall not cry, nor lift up his voice, nor shall his voice be heard without. A bruised reed shall he not break, and smoking flax shall he not quench; but he shall bring forth judgement to truth. He shall shine out, and shall not be discouraged, until he shall have set judgment on the earth: and in his name shall the Gentiles trust. | Behold, my servant, whom I uphold, my chosen, in whom my soul delights; I have put my Spirit upon him, he will bring forth justice to the nations. He will not cry or lift up his voice, or make it heard in the street; a bruised reed he will not break, and a dimly burning wick he will not quench; he will faithfully bring forth justice. He will not fail or be discouraged till he has established justice in the earth; and the coastlands will wait for his law |
| Matt 13.35/ Psalm 78.2 |
“I will open my mouth in parables, I will utter what has been hidden since the foundation of the world.” | I will open my mouth in parables: I will utter dark sayings which have been from the beginning | I will open my mouth in a parable; I will utter dark sayings from of old |
| Matt 22.37/ Deut 6.5 |
“You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, and with all your soul, and with all your mind.” | And thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy mind, and with all thy soul, and with all thy strength | and you shall love the LORD your God with all your heart, and with all your soul, and with all your might |
| Matt 27.9-10/ Zech 11.12-13 |
“And they took the thirty pieces of silver, the price of him on whom a price had been set by some of the sons of Israel, and they gave them for the potter’s field, as the Lord directed me.” | And they weighed for my price thirty pieces of silver. And the Lord said to me, Drop them into the furnace, and I will see if it is good metal, as I was proved for their sakes. And I took the thirty pieces of silver, and cast them into the furnace in the house of the Lord. | And they weighed out as my wages thirty shekels of silver. Then the LORDsaid to me, “Cast into the treasury” – the lordly price at which I was paid off by them. So I took the thirty pieces of silver and cast them into the treasury in the house of the LORD. |
| Mark 12.29-30/ Deut 6.4-5 |
“Hear, O Israel: The Lord our God, the Lord is one; and you shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, and with all your soul, and with all your mind, and with all your strength.” | Hear, O Israel, the Lord our God is one Lord. And thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy mind, and with all thy soul, and with all thy strength | Hear, O Israel: The LORD our God is one LORD; and you shall love the LORD your God with all your heart, and with all your soul, and with all your might |
| Rom 10.6-8/ Deut 30.12-14 |
“Do not say in your heart, ‘Who will ascend into heaven?’ (that is, to bring Christ down) or ‘Who will descend into the abyss?’ (that is, to bring Christ up from the dead). But what does it say? The word is near you, on your lips and in your heart” | It is not in heaven above, as if there were one saying, Who shall go up for us into heaven, and shall take it for us, and we will hear and do it? Neither is it beyond the sea, saying, Who will go over for us to the other side of the sea, and take it for us, and make it audible to us, and we will do it? The word is very near thee, in thy mouth, and in thine heart, and in thine hands to do it | It is not in heaven, that you should say, “Who will go up for us to heaven, and bring it to us, that we may hear it and do it?” Neither is it beyond the sea, that you should say, “Who will go over the sea for us, and bring it to us, that we may hear it and do it?” But the word is very near you; it is in your mouth and in your heart, so that you can do it |
| Rom 12.19/ Deut 32.35 |
“Vengeance is mine, I will repay, says the Lord” | In the day of vengeance I will recompense | Vengeance is mine, and recompense |
| 1 Cor 15.54/ Isaiah 25.8 |
“Death is swallowed up in victory” | Death has prevailed and swallowed men up | He will swallow up death for ever |
Assessment of theAgreement in Wording between the New Testament and the Septuagint
In the previous section, the agreement in meaning between New and Old Testament passages was evaluated. In the following, the precision of agreement in wording will be examined. As is expected, the percentage of quotations with exact or near exact duplication in wording is lower than the percentage agreeing in sense or intention. Jerome (Letter LVII), after reviewing passages such as those in Table 8 above, remarked: “From all these passages it is clear that the apostles and evangelists in translating the old testament scriptures have sought to give the meaning rather than the words, and that they have not greatly cared to preserve forms or constructions, so long as they could make clear the subject to understanding.” While it is true that these authors did not feel rigorous fidelity in quotation was a requirement, the degree to which “forms or constructions” in the Septuagint were preserved in the New Testament is remarkable.
The table of quotations in New Testament order includes a column labelled with the following letters:
P – perfect or near-perfect quotation from the Septuagint – only minor differences, such as word order, articles, inconsequential pronouns, etc.
S – perfect but some words replaced with synonymns (example – Romans 9.17) or with words of related meaning.
O – the New Testament omits portions of the Septuagint text – ellipsis (example – Mark 7.6-7).
L – poetic license employed by the New Testament author: a portion of the Septuagint is replaced or reconstructed (example – Hebrews 10.5-7).
A – the New Testament author augments the Septuagint with additional wording (example – Romans 11.9-10).
F – fragmentary (some words in common – replacements as frequent or more so).
E – few to no words in common (empty set).
Perfect (P) quotations and those simply involving an ellipsis (O) show the highest fidelity to the Septuagint, while the other end of the spectrum is represented by cases where few to no common words can be found (E) or where the same words appear, but in a fragmentary fashion (F). In between are the cases of poetic license (L) and those where liberty of a more restrained form has been taken – through the use of synonymns (S) and by the augmentation (A) of the Old Testament wording with an idea foreign to the literal sense of the text.
Examples of these last three are perhaps in order. Malachi 3.1 is an example of an “L” – the New Testament author, following the sense of the Masoretic text – replaces the idea of the messenger surveying the way of the Messiah with that of preparation. Another example of an “L” is provided by 1 Corinthians 3.20/Psalm 94.11. There, “the Lord knows the thoughts of men” is altered to “the Lord knows the thoughts of the wise.”
As an example of the New Testament authors’ use of synonymns (S), consider Galatians 4.30/Genesis 21.10. The Septuagint translates as, “Cast out this bondwoman and her son, for the son of this bondswoman shall not inherit with my son Isaac.” Paul has transformed this to read, “Cast out the handmaid and her son: for the son of the handmaid shall not inherit with the son of the freewoman.”
Augmentation (A) is seen in, for instance, in Acts 2.17-21/Joel 2.28-32. Luke appends the words “and they shall prophesy” to the quotation “Yea and on my servants and on my handmaidens in those days will I pour forth of my Spirit.”
The following table shows the distribution of quotations among the various categories (with P and O taken together) for the New Testament books. The distributions are shown in terms of percentage of quotations for each book in each category.
| Matthew | ||||||
| Mark | ||||||
| Luke | ||||||
| John | ||||||
| Acts | ||||||
| Romans | ||||||
| 1 Corinthians | ||||||
| 2 Corinthians | ||||||
| Galatians | ||||||
| Ephesians | ||||||
| 1 Timothy | ||||||
| 2 Timothy | ||||||
| Hebrews | ||||||
| James | ||||||
| 1 Peter | ||||||
| 2 Peter | ||||||
| Total |
The Hebrew backs this reading of Genesis 10.24: “And Arphaxad begat Salah.” The Septuagint has, “And Arphaxad begat Cainan, and Cainan begat Sala.” Similarly, the Hebrew in Genesis 11.12-13 is translated as: “And Arphaxad lived five and thirty years, and begat Salah; And Arphaxad lived after he had begat Salah four hundred and three years, and begat sons and daughters. And Salah lived thirty years, and begat Eber.” But the Septuagint has, “And Arphaxad lived a hundred and thirty-five years, and begot Cainan. And Arphaxad lived after he had begotten Cainan, four hundred years, and begot sons and daughters, and died. And Cainan lived a hundred and thirty years and begot Sala; and Cainan lived after he had begotten Sala, three hundred and thirty years, and begot sons and daughters, and died.” The apostle Luke apparently had the Septuagint account in mind when he listed the ancestry of the Christ. He wrote, “which was the son of Sala, which was the son of Cainan, which was the son of Arphaxad.” (Luke 3.35-36).
Paul leaves a clue in Galatians 3.16-17: “Now to Abraham and his seed were the promises made. He saith not, And to seeds, as of many; but as of one, And to thy seed, which is Christ. And this I say, that the covenant, which was confirmed before of God in Christ, the law, which was four hundred and thirty years after, cannot disannul, that it should make the promise of none effect.” Does the Hebrew support a span of 430 years from the giving of the promises to Abraham and the giving of the Law? Apparently not, for the evangelical apologist Gleason Archer in his Bible Difficulties asserts that 645 years passed between those two events. Archer’s conclusion is that the time interval in mind is between a subsequent confirmation of the promises (to Jacob in Genesis 46.2-4) and the production of the tablets on Sinai. This, however, seems a clever dodge. Paul says clearly that the time between God’s making the promises to Abraham and the giving of the law was 430 years. Where did he get such an idea – if a careful examination of the chronology supports a number closer to 645 years? The likely explanation is that that Paul was reading the Septuagint’s Exodus 12.40: “And the sojourning of the children of Israel, while they sojourned in the land of Egypt and the land of Chanaan, was four hundred and thirty years.”
That Paul relied upon the Septuagint is made strikingly clear from Romans 3.12-18. This entire passage is contained in one psalm in the Septuagint. The following table shows Romans 3.12-18 in the ASV, Brenton’s English translation of Psalm 14.3, and the Greek for both New Testament and Septuagint passages.
| They have all turned aside, they are together become unprofitable; There is none that doeth good, no, not, so much as one: Their throat is an open sepulchre; With their tongues they have used deceit: The poison of asps is under their lips: Whose mouth is full of cursing and bitterness: Their feet are swift to shed blood; Destruction and misery are in their ways; And the way of peace have they not known: There is no fear of God before their eyes. |
They are all gone out of the way, they are together become good for nothing, there is none that does good, no not one. Their throat is an open sepulchre; with their tongues they have used deceit; the poison of asps is under their lips: whose mouth is full of cursing and bitterness; their feet are swift to shed blood: destruction and misery are in their ways; and the way of peace they have not known: there is no fear of God before their eyes. |
panteV exeklinan ama hcreiwqhsan, ouk estin o poiwn crhstothta, ouk estin ewV enoV: tafoV anewgmenoV o larugx autwn, taiV glwssaiV autwn edoliousan, ioV aspidwn upo ta ceilh autwn: wn to stoma araV kai pikriaV gemei, oxeiV oi podeV autwn ekceai aima: suntrimma kai talaipwria en taiV odoiV autwn, kai odon eirhnhV ouk egnwsan: ouk estin foboV qeou apenanti twn ofqalmwn autwn |
panteV exeklinan, ama hcreiwqhsan, ouk esti poiwn crhstothta, ouk estin ewV enoV: tafoV anewgmenoV o larugx autwn, taiV glwssaiV autwn edoliousan, ioV aspidwn upo ta ceilh autwn: wn to stoma araV kai pikriaV gemei, oxeiV oi podeV autwn ekceai aima: suntrimma kai talaipwria en taiV odoiV autwn, kai odon eirhnhV ouk egnwsan: ouk esti foboV qeou apenanti twn ofqalmwn autwn |
There are also many allusions in the New Testament to the Septuagint. For instance, in Revelation 1.4, John sends greetings to the seven churches in Asia from “he who is.” In English, the reference may not be obvious. But, in the Greek, John uses the phrase o wn, the exact words God spoke from the burning bush in Exodus 3.14 (Septuagint) after Moses asked His name. As a second example, the author of the book of Hebrews seems to have had Wisdom 7.26 in mind when writing Hebrews 1.3.
Is the example of New Testament usage sufficient grounds for a return to the Septuagint as the basis for Old Testament translation? Are there good reasons for translating from the Hebrew Masoretic text, as is the almost universal pattern in the Western world? It might be argued that the Hebrew of the Massoretes is truer to the original that the Septuagint, but this is doubtful given the existence of variant readings in the Hebrew before the second century A.D. The current Hebrew text is indeed the one selected by the rabbis at the end of the first century, which became the standard Hebrew Old Testament thereafter. However, legislation by a body outside the boundaries of the Church can hardly be binding on Her. It could be argued that, even though there were variant readings in the Hebrew at earlier times, we can often be fairly certain that the Hebrew of the Massoretes and the Hebrew the Septuagint was based on are identical. In those cases, we should translate from the Hebrew, and by doing so bring the sense into English with greater exactness. In response, this seems more of an argument for using the Hebrew as a translation aid than as the basis for translation. Such usage would doubtless be laudable. However, this approach should be undertaken with caution. As the meaning of words changes with time, the Septuagint Greek may often provide insight into the meaning of the Hebrew at the time of translation, and so should not be freely replaced with an academic conjecture.
Jerome mentioned with embarrassment certain passages in the Septuagint which he believed to be incorrectly translated from the Hebrew. But before we can convict the Septuagint of translation error, we have to produce, at a minimum, the Hebrew text upon which the Septuagint is based. Since that text no longer exists, accusations of mistranslation remain unproven conjectures. And even if the Septuagint is thick with mistranslation, its errors are frequently sanctioned by the New Testament. For instance, if the word “virgin (parthenos in Greek)” in Isaiah 7.14 is a mistranslation of the Hebrew word almah, Matthew has given his assent to this error. In fact, those of us who believe the New Testament to be inspired by God are required to believe that many “errors” of the Septuagint are inspired also, because they are incorporated into the New Testament directly. If the errors that are quoted have Divine sanction, on what basis can we reject the errors that are not quoted? Or, consider what we imply if we say that the Masoretic text alone can lay claim to being the genuine Old Testament. The clear implication is that the authors of the New Testament were benighted and, ignorant of the truth, used an inferior text. The theological implications they drew when they quoted from “mistranslations” in the Septuagint should be rejected. Thus, the logical corollaries to the proposition that the Masoretic textalone is worthy to be considered the Old Testament include: Christ was not born of a virgin, the angels do not worship the Son, Christ did not come to restore sight to the blind, the behavior of the Jews was not cause for God’s name to be blasphemed among the Gentiles, etc. In short, we are forced to conclude that the New Testament is not inspired.
I have yet to discover any sufficient reason to consider the Masoretic text as preferable to the Septuagint. However, the case in favor of the Septuagint is subject to criticism. Even assuming that the New Testament warrant is sufficient grounds for using a text, one could argue that the New Testament witness is muddled. Although we do find the apostles and their followers using the Septuagint as we know it with great frequency, they also stray toward other sources – sometimes to a text very similar to the Masoretic, sometimes to a text we do not currently possess. Though our failure to recognize the basis for the quotation may often be due to paraphrase, there are cases that are very difficult to explain in this way. Jerome mentioned two of them in a passage quoted in the section on the fathers: “For he shall be called a Nazarene” (Matthew 2. 23) is one example. Another is, “Rivers of living water shall flow out of his belly” (John 7.38).
It is possible that every quotation in the New Testament is from a Septuagint, but from one, though popular in the first century, we no longer possess in its entirety. It is reasonable to conclude from the writings of Irenaeus and Justin Martyr that their scriptures were slightly different from our own. When the New Testament strays from the Masoretic Text, these fathers do too, at least where common quotations can be examined. But there are also portions of scripture quoted in the fathers that are not available in our version of the Greek text. For instance, in his Dialogue with Trypho Justin claimed that the Jews had deleted the verse, “The Lord remembered His dead people of Israel who lay in the graves; and He descended to preach to them His own salvation.” Irenaeus also quoted the same verse, though he attributed it to Jeremiah on one occasion and to Isaiah on the other. Justin also claimed that the Jews had removed the words “from the wood” from the verse in Psalm 96: “Tell ye among the nations, the Lord hath reigned from the wood.” Neither of these is in the Septuagint we possess today. As a third example, Justin quoted the following, possibly from Ezra or Nehemiah: “And Esdras said to the people, This passover is our Savior and our refuge. And if you have understood, and your heart has taken it in, and we shall humble Him on a standard, and thereafter hope in Him, then this place shall not be forsaken for ever, says the God of hosts. But if you will not believe Him, and will not listen to His declaration, you will be a laughingstock to the nations.”
In short, neither the Greek nor the Hebrew Old Testament is perfect. The decision to abandon the Septuagint in favor of the Hebrew was made on the mistaken belief that the New Testament quotes exclusively from the Hebrew Old Testament. A more modern argument in favor of the Hebrew might stress the near-perfect preservation of that text through the centuries – a contention proven false by the variant readings discovered in the Dead Sea Scrolls – or it might emphasize the mistranslations in the only other real contender, the Septuagint – which implies the rejection of the authority of the New Testament. The argument in favor of returning to the Septuagint notes the general (though not universal) reliance on it by the New Testament authors and their followers in the early Church. The New Testament can be more fully understood and appreciated, it is argued, if read in conjunction with the Septuagint, because the language of the Greek Old Testament is present throughout the New, both in overt quotations and allusions. The theology of the Church, as explained by the Fathers of the first several centuries, rests on the wording of the Septuagint. If this theology is true and worthy of defense, then it is critical that the Church be thoroughly familiar with the Bible of Her founders and early defenders.
It seems clear to me that the case in favor of the Septuagint is the stronger of the two. But the same primary argument in favor of translation from the Septuagint – New Testament precedent – implies that the Christian should be aware of Masoretic readings. In like manner, our desire to understand the theology of the early Church in the light of Her scriptures entails the need to retain familiarity with those scriptures – such as the ones quoted by Justin Martyr above – which appear to have dropped out of the Old Testament over the years. In my view, then, the ideal Old Testament will be based on the Septuagint as the primary source, and will include extensive footnotes including significant variant readings from all other sources, including the Masoretic text, the Dead Sea Scrolls, the Samaritan Pentateuch, and the Fathers of the Church.
| The table to below lists all quotations from the Old Testament which appear in the New. The column labeled “Meaning” contains characters which indicate whether the particular citation agrees in meaning with the Septuagint where that differs from the Masoretic (Hebrew) text – or vice versa. The column labeled “Quality” gives a sense for the agreement in word choice and order between the New Testament and the Septuagint. A key to the symbols is provided at the bottom of this page and on the Table of Contents frame.Detailed comparisons for each citation can be viewed by clicking on the Old Testament reference. An explanation of the detailed comparisons format can be found here. |
| New Testament Reference |
|
Old Testament Source |
Meaning | Quality |
| Matthew 1.23a | * | Isaiah 7.14 | U J† | P | |
| 1.23b | * | Isaiah 8.8, 10 | U | P | |
| 2.6 | * | Micah 5.2 | D† | F | |
| 2.15 | * | Hosea 11.1 | H | L | |
| 2.18 | * | Jeremiah 31.15 | † | S | |
| 3.3 | * | Isaiah 40.3 | U J | S | |
| 4.4 | * | Deuteronomy 8.3 | |
P† | |
| 4.6 | * | Psalm 91.11-12 | P† | ||
| 4.7 | * | Deuteronomy 6.16 | P | ||
| 4.10 | * | Deuteronomy 6.13 | J† | P | |
| Matthew 4.15-16 | * | Isaiah 9.1-2 | D† | F | |
| 5.21 | 1/2 |
Exodus 20.13 Deuteronomy 5.17 |
P P |
||
| 5.27 | |
1/2 |
Exodus 20.14 Deuteronomy 5.18 |
|
P P |
| 5.31 | Deuteronomy 24.1 | L | |||
| 5.33 | |
1/2 |
Leviticus 19.12 Numbers 30.2 |
|
E E |
| 5.38 | 1/3 1/3 |
Exodus 21.24 Leviticus 24.20 Deuteronomy 19.21 |
P P P |
||
| 5.43 | |
Leviticus 19.18 | P | ||
| 8.17 | * | Isaiah 53.4 | D | E | |
| 9.13 | |
Hosea 6.6 | J | P† | |
| Matthew 10.35-36 | Micah 7.6 | L† | |||
| 11.10 | * | Malachi 3.1 | H | L† | |
| 12.7 | * | Hosea 6.6 | J | P† | |
| 12.18-20 | * | Isaiah 42.1-3 | D | F | |
| 12.21 | * | Isaiah 42.4 | U J | P | |
| 12.40 | |
Jonah 1.17 | P | ||
| 13.14-15 | * | Isaiah 6.9-10 | U J | P† | |
| 13.35 | * | Psalm 78.2 | D | S | |
| 15.4a | * | 1/2 |
Exodus 20.12 Deuteronomy 5.16 |
P P |
|
| 15.4b | * | Exodus 21.17 | |
P† | |
| Matthew 15.8-9 | * | Isaiah 29.13 | U J | P†° | |
| 18.16 | |
Deuteronomy 19.15 | O | ||
| 19.4 | * | 1/2 |
Genesis 1.27 5.2 |
P P |
|
| 19.5 | * | Genesis 2.24 | P | ||
| 19.7 | Deuteronomy 24.1 | L | |||
| 19.18-19 | |
1/2 |
Exodus 20.12-16 Deuteronomy 5.16-20 |
|
P P |
| 19.19 | Leviticus 19.18 | P | |||
| 21.5a 21.5b |
* * |
1 |
Isaiah 62.11 Zechariah 9.9 |
|
L L† |
| 21.9 | * | Psalm 118.25-26 | P | ||
| 21.13 | * | Isaiah 56.7 | P | ||
| Matthew 21.16 | * | Psalm 8.2 | U J | P | |
| 21.42 | * | Psalm 118.22-23 | P | ||
| 22.24 | Deuteronomy 25.5 | E | |||
| 22.32 | * | 1/2 |
Exodus 3.6, 3.15 |
|
P P |
| 22.37 | Deuteronomy 6.5 | D† | A | ||
| 22.39 | |
Leviticus 19.18 | P | ||
| 22.44 | * | Psalm 110.1 | S | ||
| 23.39 | |
Psalm 118.26 | P | ||
| 24.30 | Daniel 7.13 | P | |||
| 26.31 | * | Zechariah 13.7 | † | P | |
| Matthew 26.64a | Psalm 110.1 | F | |||
| 26.64b | |
Daniel 7.13 | L | ||
| 27.9-10 | * | Zechariah 11.12-13 | D | F | |
| 27.46 | |
Psalm 22.1 | P | ||
| Mark 1.2 | * | Malachi 3.1 | H | L† | |
| 1.3 | * | Isaiah 40.3 | U J | S | |
| 4.12 | |
Isaiah 6.9-10 | U | L | |
| 7.6-7 | * | Isaiah 29.13 | U J | O† | |
| 7.10a | * | 1/2 |
Exodus 20.12 Deuteronomy 5.16 |
|
P P |
| 7.10b | * | Exodus 21.17 | † | P | |
| 10.4 | |
Deuteronomy 24.1, 3 | F | ||
| 10.6 | 1/2 |
Genesis 1.27 5.2 |
P P |
||
| 10.7-8 | |
Genesis 2.24 | P | ||
| 10.19 | 1/2 |
Exodus 20.12-16 Deuteronomy 5.16-20 |
A A |
||
| Mark 11.9-10 | |
Psalm 118.25-26 | P | ||
| 11.17 | * | Isaiah 56.7 | P | ||
| 12.10-11 | * | Psalm 118.22-23 | P | ||
| 12.19 | Deuteronomy 25.5 | E | |||
| 12.26 | * | 1/2 |
Exodus 3.6, 3.15 |
|
P P |
| 12.29-30 | Deuteronomy 6.4-5 | D† | A | ||
| 12.31 | |
Leviticus 19.18 | P | ||
| 12.32a | Deuteronomy 6.4 | P | |||
| 12.32b | |
1/2 |
Deuteronomy 4.35 Isaiah 45.21 |
|
P† P |
| 12.33a | Deuteronomy 6.5 | D† | A S | ||
| Mark 12.33b | |
Leviticus 19.18 | L | ||
| 12.36 | * | Psalm 110.1 | P | ||
| 13.26 | |
Daniel 7.13 | L | ||
| 14.27 | * | Zechariah 13.7 | † | P | |
| 14.62a | |
Psalm 110.1 | L | ||
| 14.62b | Danel 7.13 | L | |||
| 15.34 | |
Psalm 22.1 | P | ||
| Luke 2.23 | * | 1/3 1/3 |
Exodus 13.2, 13.12, 13.15 |
|
L L L |
| 2.24 | * | Leviticus 12.8 | P | ||
| 3.4-6 | * | Isaiah 40.3-5 | U J | L | |
| 4.4 | * | Deuteronomy 8.3 | P | ||
| 4.8 | * | Deuteronomy 6.13 | J† | P | |
| 4.10-11 | * | Psalm 91.11-12 | P | ||
| 4.12 | * | Deuteronomy 6.16 | P | ||
| 4.18-19 4.18 |
* * |
1 |
Isaiah 61.1-2 Isaiah 58.6 |
U J‡ J |
P° P |
| 7.27 | * | Malachi 3.1 | H | L† | |
| 8.10 | Isaiah 6.9 | U | L | ||
| Luke 10.27a | * | Deuteronomy 6.5 | D† | A S | |
| 10.27b | * | Leviticus 19.18 | P | ||
| 13.35 | |
Psalm 118.26 | P | ||
| 18.20 | 1/2 |
Exodus 20.12-16 Deuteronomy 5.16-20 |
P P |
||
| 19.38 | |
Psalm 118.26 | P |
| 19.46 | * | Isaiah 56.7 | P | ||
| 20.17 | * | Psalm 118.22 | P | ||
| 20.28 | Deuteronomy 25.5 | E | |||
| 20.37 | * | Exodus 3.6 | P | ||
| 20.42-43 | * | Psalm 110.1 | P | ||
| Luke 21.27 | |
Daniel 7.13 | L | ||
| 22.37 | * | Isaiah 53.12 | P | ||
| 22.69 | |
Psalm 110.1 | L | ||
| 23.30 | Hosea 10.8 | P† | |||
| 23.46 | |
Psalm 31.5 | P | ||
| John 1.23 | * | Isaiah 40.3 | U J | L | |
| 2.17 | * | Psalm 69.9 | P | ||
| 6.31 | * | Psalm 78.24 | J | L | |
| 6.45 | * | Isaiah 54.13 | L | ||
| 10.34 | * | Psalm 82.6 | P | ||
| 12.13 | Psalm 118.25-26 | P | |||
| 12.15 | * | Zechariah 9.9 | L | ||
| 12.38 | * | Isaiah 53.1 | U J | P | |
| 12.40 | * | Isaiah 6.10 | U J | S O | |
| 13.18 | * | Psalm 41.9 | F | ||
| John 15.25 | * | 1/2 |
Psalm 35.19 69.4 |
|
L L |
| 19.24 | * | Psalm 22.18 | P | ||
| 19.36 | * | 1/2 |
Exodus 12.46 Numbers 9.12 |
|
P P |
| 19.37 | * | Zechariah 12.10 | H | E | |
|
|
||||
| Acts 1.20a | * | Psalm 69.25 | P | ||
| 1.20b | * | Psalm 109.8 | P | ||
| 2.17-21 | * | Joel 2.28-32 | U J | A† | |
| 2.25-28 | * | Psalm 16.8-11 | U J | P | |
| 2.30 | Psalm 132.11 | F | |||
| 2.31 | |
Psalm 16.10 | L | ||
| 2.34-35 | * | Psalm 110.1 | P | ||
| 3.13 | |
1/2 |
Exodus 3.6, 3.15 |
|
P P |
| 3.22 | * | Deuteronomy 18.15-16 | P | ||
| 3.23a | * | Deuteronomy 18.19 | F | ||
| Acts 3.23b | * | Leviticus 23.29 | L | ||
| 3.25 | * | 1/2 |
Genesis 22.18 26.4 |
|
S S |
| 4.11 | Psalm 118.22 | L | |||
| 4.25-26 | * | Psalm 2.1-2 | U J | P | |
| 7.3 | Genesis 12.1 | O | |||
| 7.5 | |
1/2 |
Genesis 17.8 48.4 |
|
L L |
| 7.6-7 | Genesis 15.13-14 | L | |||
| 7.7 | |
Exodus 3.12 | L | ||
| 7.18 | Exodus 1.8 | P | |||
| 7.27-28 | |
Exodus 2.14 | J | P | |
| Acts 7.30 | Exodus 3.2 | A† | |||
| 7.32 | |
Exodus 3.6 | P | ||
| 7.33 | Exodus 3.5 | P | |||
| 7.34 | |
Exodus 3.7-10 | L | ||
| 7.35 | Exodus 2.14 | P | |||
| 7.37 | |
Deuteronomy 18.15 | P | ||
| 7.40 | 1/2 |
Exodus 32.1, 32.23 |
P P |
||
| 7.42-43 | * | Amos 5.25-27 | U J | L† | |
| 7.49-50 | * | Isaiah 66.1-2 | P | ||
| 8.32-33 | * | Isaiah 53.7-8 | U J | P | |
| Acts 13.22a | Psalm 89.20 | P | |||
| 13.22b | |
1 Samuel 13.14 | P | ||
| 13.33 | * | Psalm 2.7 | P | ||
| 13.34 | * | Isaiah 55.3 | U J | L | |
| 13.35 | * | Psalm 16.10 | U | P | |
| 13.41 | * | Habakkuk 1.5 | U J | O | |
| 13.47 | * | Isaiah 49.6 | S | ||
| 15.16-17 | * | Amos 9.11-12 | J | L†° | |
| 23.5 | * | Exodus 22.28 | P | ||
| 28.26-27 | * | Isaiah 6.9-10 | U J | P |
| Romans 1.17 | * | Habakkuk 2.4 | P | ||
| 2.24 | * | Isaiah 52.5 | U J | S | |
| 3.4 | * | Psalm 51.4 | U J | P | |
| 3.10-12 | * | 1/2 |
Psalm 14.1-3 = 53.1-3 |
J J |
L L |
| 3.13a | * | Psalm 5.9 | U J | P | |
| 3.13b | * | Psalm 140.3 | U J | P | |
| 3.14 | * | Psalm 10.7 | U J | P | |
| 3.15-17 | * | Isaiah 59.7-8 | O | ||
| 3.18 | * | Psalm 36.1 | P | ||
| 4.3 | * | Genesis 15.6 | P | ||
| Romans 4.7-8 | * | Psalm 32.1-2 | P | ||
| 4.9 | Genesis 15.6 | A | |||
| 4.17 | * | Genesis 17.5 | P | ||
| 4.18a | Genesis 17.5 | P | |||
| 4.18b | * | Genesis 15.5 | P | ||
| 4.22 | Genesis 15.6 | P | |||
| 7.7 | * | 1/2 |
Exodus 20.17 Deuteronomy 5.21 |
|
P P |
| 8.36 | * | Psalm 44.22 | P | ||
| 9.7 | |
Genesis 21.12 | P | ||
| 9.9 | 1/2 |
Genesis 18.10, 18.14 |
L S |
||
| Romans 9.12 | |
Genesis 25.23 | P | ||
| 9.13 | * | Malachi 1.2-3 | P | ||
| 9.15 | * | Exodus 33.19 | P | ||
| 9.17 | * | Exodus 9.16 | U J | P† | |
| 9.25 | * | Hosea 2.23 | J | L | |
| 9.26 | * | Hosea 1.10 | P | ||
| 9.27-28 | * | Isaiah 10.22-23 | U J | L† | |
| 9.29 | * | Isaiah 1.9 | U J | P | |
| 9.33 | * | 1/2 |
Isaiah 8.14 28.16 |
H U J† |
L L |
| 10.5 | * | Leviticus 18.5 | P | ||
| Romans 10.6 | |
Deuteronomy 9.4 | P | ||
| 10.6-8 | Deuteronomy 30.12-14 | D | L | ||
| 10.11 | * | Isaiah 28.16 | U J† | P |
| 10.13 | Joel 2.32 | P | |||
| 10.15 | * | Isaiah 52.7 | L | ||
| 10.16 | * | Isaiah 53.1 | U J | P | |
| 10.18 | |
Psalm 19.4 | U J | P | |
| 10.19 | * | Deuteronomy 32.21 | P | ||
| 10.20 | * | Isaiah 65.1 | U J‡ | P | |
| 10.21 | * | Isaiah 65.2 | U J | P | |
| Romans 11.3 | * | 1 Kings 19.10, 14 | P | ||
| 11.4 | * | 1 Kings 19.18 | F | ||
| 11.8a 11.8b |
* * |
1 |
Isaiah 29.10 Deuteronomy 29.4 |
|
P L |
| 11.9-10 | * | Psalm 69.22-23 | U J | A | |
| 11.26-27a | * | Isaiah 59.20-21 | U J | L | |
| 11.27b | * | Isaiah 27.9 | U J | L | |
| 11.34 | |
Isaiah 40.13 | U J | P | |
| 11.35 | Job 41.11 | H | E | ||
| 12.19 | * | Deuteronomy 32.35 | D | L | |
| 12.20 | Proverbs 25.21-22 | U J | P | ||
| Romans 13.9a | |
1/2 |
Exodus 20.13-15, 17 Deut. 5.17-19, 21 |
|
P P |
| 13.9b | Leviticus 19.18 | P | |||
| 14.11a | * | Isaiah 49.18 | P | ||
| 14.11b | * | Isaiah 45.23 | U J† | P | |
| 15.3 | * | Psalm 69.9 | P | ||
| 15.9 | * | 1/2 |
Psalm 18.49 = 2 Samuel 22.50 |
P P |
|
| 15.10 | * | Deuteronomy 32.43 | P | ||
| 15.11 | * | Psalm 117.1 | P† | ||
| 15.12 | * | Isaiah 11.10 | U J | O | |
| 15.21 | * | Isaiah 52.15 | U J | P | |
| 1 Cor 1.19 | * | Isaiah 29.14 | U J | L | |
| 1.31 | * | Jeremiah 9.24 | O | ||
| 2.9 | * | Isaiah 64.4 | |
F | |
| 2.16 | Isaiah 40.13 | U J | P | ||
| 3.19 | * | Job 5.13 | H | L | |
| 3.20 | * | Psalm 94.11 | L | ||
| 5.13 | |
Deuteronomy 17.7 | U J | P | |
| 6.16 | Genesis 2.24 | P | |||
| 9.9 | * | Deuteronomy 25.4 | S | ||
| 10.7 | * | Exodus 32.6 | P | ||
| 1 Cor 10.26 | |
Psalm 24.1 | P | ||
| 14.21 | * | Isaiah 28.11-12 | F | ||
| 15.27 | |
Psalm 8.6 | P | ||
| 15.32 | Isaiah 22.13 | P | |||
| 15.45 | * | Genesis 2.7 | A | ||
| 15.54 | * | Isaiah 25.8 | D | L | |
| 15.55 | * | Hosea 13.14 | U J | S | |
| 2 Cor 4.13 | * | Psalm 116.10 | U J | P | |
| 6.2 | * | Isaiah 49.8 | J | P | |
| 6.16 | * | 1/2 |
Leviticus 26.12 Ezekiel 37.27 |
A L |
|
| 6.17a | * | Isaiah 52.11 | P | ||
| 6.17b | * | Ezekiel 20.34 | F | ||
| 6.18 | * | 2 Samuel 7.14 | L | ||
| 8.15 | * | Exodus 16.18 | S | ||
| 9.9 | * | Psalm 112.9 | P | ||
| 10.17 | Jeremiah 9.24 | L | |||
| 13.1 | |
Deuteronomy 19.15 | O | ||
| Galatians 3.6 | Genesis 15.6 | P | |||
| 3.8 | * | 1 |
Genesis 12.3 18.18 |
|
S P |
| 3.10 | * | Deuteronomy 27.26 | U J | S | |
| 3.11 | |
Habakkuk 2.4 | P | ||
| 3.12 | Leviticus 18.5 | P | |||
| 3.13 | * | Deuteronomy 21.23 | J | O | |
| 3.16 | Genesis 12.7 | J | P | ||
| 4.27 | * | Isaiah 54.1 | J | P | |
| 4.30 | * | Genesis 21.10 | L | ||
| 5.14 | |
Leviticus 19.18 | P | ||
| Eph 4.8 | * | Psalm 68.18 | L† | ||
| 4.25 | |
Zechariah 8.16 | P | ||
| 4.26 | Psalm 4.4 | U | P | ||
| 5.31 | |
Genesis 2.24 | P | ||
| 6.2-3 | 1/2 |
Exodus 20.12 Deuteronomy 5.16 |
P P |
||
| 1 Tim 5.18 | * | Deuteronomy 25.4 | P | ||
| 2 Tim 2.19 | Numbers 16.5 | J | S O | ||
| Hebrews 1.5a | * | Psalm 2.7 | P | ||
| 1.5b | * | 2 Samuel 7.14 | P | ||
| 1.6 | * | Deuteronomy 32.43 | U J‡ | P | |
| 1.7 | * | Psalm 104.4 | U | P | |
| 1.8-9 | * | Psalm 45.6-7 | P | ||
| 1.10-12 | * | Psalm 102.25-27 | U J‡ | A | |
| 1.13 | * | Psalm 110.1 | P | ||
| 2.6-8 | * | Psalm 8.4-6 | U J | P° | |
| 2.12 | * | Psalm 22.22 | J | P | |
| 2.13a | * | Isaiah 8.17 | U J | P | |
| Hebrews 2.13b | * | Isaiah 8.18 | P | ||
| 3.7-11 | * | Psalm 95.7-11 | J | P†° | |
| 3.15 | * | Psalm 95.7-8 | U J | P | |
| 4.3, 5 | * | Psalm 95.11 | P | ||
| 4.4 | * | Genesis 2.2 | P | ||
| 4.7 | * | Psalm 95.7-8 | U J | P | |
| 5.5 | * | Psalm 2.7 | P | ||
| 5.6 | * | Psalm 110.4 | P | ||
| 6.13-14 | * | Genesis 22.16-17 | P | ||
| 7.1-2 | Genesis 14.17-20 | F | |||
| Hebrews 7.17, 21 | * | Psalm 110.4 | P | ||
| 8.5 | * | Exodus 25.40 | P |
| 8.8-12 | * | Jeremiah 31.31-34 | J | S† | |
| 9.20 | * | Exodus 24.8 | L | ||
| 10.5-7 | * | Psalm 40.6-8 | J | L | |
| 10.16-17 | * | Jeremiah 31.33-34 | J | A O | |
| 10.30 | * | Deuteronomy 32.35-36 | D | A | |
| 10.37-38 | Habakkuk 2.3-4 | U J | P | ||
| 11.5 | |
Genesis 5.24 | U J | P | |
| 11.18 | * | Genesis 21.12 | P | ||
| Hebrews 11.21 | |
Genesis 47.31 | U J | S | |
| 12.5-6 | * | Proverbs 3.11-12 | U J | P† | |
| 12.20 | * | Exodus 19.12-13 | L° | ||
| 12.21 | * | Deuteronomy 9.19 | A | ||
| 12.26 | * | Haggai 2.6 | U | A | |
| 13.5 | * | Deuteronomy 31.6, 8 | P | ||
| 13.6 | |
Psalm 118.6 | U J | P | |
| James 2.8 | * | Leviticus 19.18 | P | ||
| 2.11 | * | 1/2 |
Exodus 20.13, 14 Deuteronomy 5.17, 18 |
|
P P |
| 2.23 | * | Genesis 15.6 | P | ||
| 4.6 | * | Proverbs 3.34 | U J | S | |
| 1 Peter 1.16 | * | Leviticus 19.2 | O | ||
| 1.24-25 | |
Isaiah 40.6-8 | J | S° | |
| 2.6 | * | Isaiah 28.16 | U J | S† | |
| 2.7 | |
Psalm 118.22 | P | ||
| 2.8 | Isaiah 8.14 | H | L | ||
| 2.9a | |
Isaiah 43.20 | U | P | |
| 2.9b | Exodus 19.6 | U J | P | ||
| 2.9c | |
Isaiah 43.21 | U J | L | |
| 2.22 | Isaiah 53.9 | J | S† | ||
| 3.10-12 | |
Psalm 34.12-16 | P | ||
| 3.14 | Isaiah 8.12 | ||||
| 4.18 | Proverbs 11.31 | U J | P | ||
| 5.5 | |
Proverbs 3.34 | U J | P | |
| 2 Peter 2.22 | Proverbs 26.11 | F |
| Key to the Table above:* – implies the New Testament context indicates that this is a quotation.
† – indicates that textual variants in the Septuagint are important. ‡ – indicates that textual variants available in the Dead Sea Scrolls are discussed in the associated detailed summary. ° – indicates that textual variants in the New Testament are discussed in the associated detailed summary. For the “Meaning” column: U – according to the UBS 4th edition Greek New Testament, these passages agree with the Septuagint against the sense of the Hebrew text. J – this is my own judgment based on head-to-head comparisons of the NewTestament and Septuagint. A “J” indicates that the New Testament quotation agrees with the Septuagint in meaning, against the sense of the Hebrew text. H – these passages, in my judgment, agree with the Hebrew against the sense of the Septuagint. D – disagrees with both the Septuagint and the Hebrew Annotations relating to “Quality”: P – perfect or near-perfect quotation from the Septuagint – only minor differences, such as word order, articles, inconsequential pronouns, etc. S – perfect but some words replaced with synonymns (example – Romans 9.17) or with words of related meaning. O – the New Testament omits portions of the Septuagint text – ellipsis (example – Mark 7.6-7). L – poetic license employed by the New Testament author: a portion of the Septuagint is replaced or reconstructed (example – Hebrews 10.5-7). A – the New Testament author augments the Septuagint with additional wording (example – Romans 11.9-10). F – fragmentary (some words in common – replacements as frequent or more so). E – few to no words in common (empty set). The “Weight” column indicates whether the Old Testament source is unique (weight=1), or if multiple Old Testament passages could be the source of the quotation (fractional weights). In some cases, I have determined that one of the Old Testament sources listed by UBS is inferior to the others. In those cases, I have assigned a weight of zero. These weights are used to establish the total number of quotations, the percentage of quotations in agreement with the Septuagint text, etc.
|
Genesis
Male and female he made them
Gen 1.27 quoted in Mt 19.4 and Mk 10.6
God rested on the seventh day
Gen 2.2 quoted in Heb 4.4
Man became a living soul
Gen 2.7 quoted in 1 Cor 15.45
They two shall be one flesh
Gen 2.24 quoted in Mt 19.5, Mk 10.7-8, 1 Cor 6.16, and Eph 5.31
Male and female he made them
Gen 5.2 quoted in Mt 19.4 and Mk 10.6
Enoch was not, because God translated him
Gen 5.24 quoted in Heb 11.5
Get thee out of thy land and from thy kindred
Gen 12.1 quoted in Ac 7.3
In thee shall all the nations be blessed
Gen 12.3 quoted in Ga 3.8
To thy seed
Gen 12.7 quoted in Ga 3.16
Abram gave him the tithe of all
Gen 14.17-20 quoted in He 7.1-2
So shall thy seed be
Gen 15.5 quoted in Ro 4.18
And Abraham believed God
Gen 15.6 quoted in Ro 4.3, 4.9, 4.22 and Ga 3.6
The nation to which they shall be in bondage will I judge
Gen 15.13-14 quoted in Ac 7.6-7
A father of many nations
Gen 17.5 quoted in Ro 4.17, 18
And to his seed after him
Gen 17.8 quoted in Ac 7.5
According to this season
Gen 18.10 quoted in Ro 9.9
Sarah will have a son
Gen 18.14 quoted in Ro 9.9
In thee shall all the nations be blessed
Gen 18.18 quoted in Ga 3.8
Cast out the bondwoman and her son
Gen 21.10 quoted in Ga 4.30
In Isaac shall thy seed be called
Gen 21.12 quoted in Ro 9.7 and He 11.18
Surely blessing I will bless thee
Gen 22.16-17 quoted in He 6.13-14
In thy seed shall all the families of the earth be blessed
Gen 22.18 quoted in Ac 3.25
The elder shall serve the younger
Gen 25.23 quoted in Ro 9.12
In thy seed shall all the families of the earth be blessed
Gen 26.4 quoted in Ac 3.25
Jacob … worshipped, leaning on the top of his staff
Gen 47.31 quoted in Heb 11.21
And to his seed after him
Gen 48.4 quoted in Ac 7.5
Exodus
There arose another king over Egypt, who knew not Joseph
Ex 1.8 quoted in Ac 7.18
Who made thee a ruler and a judge over us?
Ex 2.14 quoted in Ac 7.27-28 and Ac 7.35
An angel appeared to him in the wilderness of mount Sinai
Ex 3.2 quoted in Ac 7.30
Loose the shoes from thy feet
Ex 3.5-10 quoted in Ac 7.33-34
I am the God of Abraham
Ex 3.6 quoted in Mt 22.32, Mk 12.26, Lk 20.37, Ac 3.13 and Ac 7.32
The affliction of my people … I will send thee
Ex 3.7-10 quoted in Ac 7.34
And serve me in this place
Ex 3.12 quoted in Ac 7.7
I am the God of Abraham
Ex 3.15 quoted in Mt 22.32, Mk 12.26 and Ac 3.13
My name might be published abroad in all the earth
Ex 9.16 quoted in Ro 9.17
A bone of him shall not be broken
Ex 12.46 quoted in Jn 19.36
Sanctify to me every firstborn
Ex 13.2 quoted in Lk 2.23
Thou shalt sanctify the males to the Lord
Ex 13.12 quoted in Lk 2.23
The males to the Lord
Ex 13.15 quoted in Lk 2.32
He that gathered much had nothing over
Ex 16.18 quoted in 2 Cor 8.15
A royal priesthood
Ex 19.6 quoted in 1 Pe 2.9
If even a beast touch the mountain, it shall be stoned
Ex 19.12-13 quoted in He 12.20
Honor thy father and thy mother
Ex 20.12 quoted in Mt 15.4, Mk 7.10 and Eph 6.2-3
Thou knowest the commandments
Ex 20.12-16 quoted in Mt 19.18-19, Mk 10.19 and Lk 18.20
Thou shalt not kill
Ex 20.13 quoted in Mt 5.21 and Jas 2.11
Thou shalt not commit adultery
Ex 20.13-15 quoted in Ro 13.9
Thou shalt not commit adultery
Ex 20.14 quoted in Mt 5.27 and Jas 2.11
Thou shalt not covet
Ex 20.17 quoted in Ro 7.7
He that speaketh evil of father or mother, let him die the death
Ex 21.17 quoted in Mt 15.4 and Mk 7.10
An eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth
Ex 21.24 quoted in Mt 5.38
Thou shalt not speak evil of a ruler of thy people
Ex 22.28 quoted in Ac 23.5
This is the blood of the covenant
Ex 24.8 quoted in He 9.20
See that thou make all things according to the pattern
Ex 25.40 quoted in He 8.5
Arise, and make us gods
Ex 32.1 quoted in Ac 7.40
The people sat down to eat and drink, and rose up to play
Ex 32.6 quoted in 1 Cor 10.7
We know not what is become of him
Ex 32.23 quoted in Ac 7.40
I will have mercy on whom I will have mercy
Ex 33.19 quoted in Ro 9.15
Leviticus
A pair of turtledoves, or two young pigeons
Lev 12.8 quoted in Lk 2.24
He that doeth them shall live therein
Lev 18.5 quoted in Ro 10.5 and Ga 3.12
Ye shall be holy, for I am holy
Lev 19.2 quoted in 1 Pe 1.16
Thou shalt not forswear thyself
Lev 19.12 quoted in Mt 5.33
Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself
Lev 19.18 quoted in Mt 5.43, 19.19, 22.39, Mk 12.31, 12.33,
Lk 10.27, Ro 13.9, Ga 5.14 and Jas 2.8
Every soul that shall not hearken to that prophet, shall be utterly destroyed from among the people
Lev 23.29 quoted in Ac 3.23
An eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth
Lev 24.20 quoted in Mt 5.38
I will be their God, and they shall be my people
Lev 26.12 quoted in 2 Cor 6.16
Numbers
A bone of him shall not be broken
Nu 9.12 quoted in Jn 19.36
The Lord knoweth them that are his
Nu 16.5 quoted in 2 Tm 2.19
Thou shalt not forswear thyself
Nu 30.2 quoted in Mt 5.33
Deuteronomy
There is none other but he
Dt 4.35 quoted in Mk 12.32
Honor thy father and thy mother
Dt 5.16 quoted in Mt 15.4, Mk 7.10, and Eph 6.2-3
Thou shalt not kill, Thou shalt not commit adultery
Dt 5.16-20 quoted in Mt 19.18-19, Mk 10.19 and Lk 18.20
Thou shalt not kill
Dt 5.17 quoted in Mt 5.21 and Jas 2.11
Thou shalt not commit adultery
Dt 5.17-19, 21 quoted in Ro 13.9
Thou shalt not commit adultery
Dt 5.18 quoted in Mt 5.27
Thou shalt not covet
Dt 5.21 quoted in Ro 7.7
He is one
Dt 6.4 quoted in Mk 12.32
Hear, O Israel
Dt 6.4-5 quoted in Mk 12.29-30
Thou shalt love the Lord thy God
Dt 6.5 quoted in Mt 22.37, Mk 12.33, and Lk 10.27
Thou shalt worship the Lord thy God, and him only shalt thou serve
Dt 6.13 quoted in Mt 4.10 and Lk 4.8
Thou shalt not tempt the Lord thy God
Dt 6.16 quoted in Mt 4.7 and Lk 4.12
Man shall not live by bread alone
Dt 8.3 quoted in Mt 4.4 and Lk 4.4
Speak not in thine heart
Dt 9.4 quoted in Ro 10.6
I exceedingly fear
Dt 9.19 quoted in He 12.21
Put away the wicked man from among yourselves
Dt 17.7 quoted in 1 Cor 5.13
A prophet shall God raise up unto you
Dt 18.15 quoted in Ac 7.37
To him shall ye hearken in all things
Dt 18.15-16 quoted in Ac 3.22
Every soul that shall not hearken to that prophet
Dt 18.19 quoted in Ac 3.23
At the mouth of two witnesses or three
Dt 19.15 quoted in Mt 18.16 and 2 Cor 13.1
Eye for eye, tooth for tooth
Dt 19.21 quoted in Mt 5.38
Cursed is every one that hangeth on a tree
Dt 21.23 quoted in Ga 3.13
Let him give here a writing of divorcement
Dt 24.1 quoted in Mt 5.31 and Mt 19.1
Write a bill of divorcement
Dt 24.1, 3 quoted in Mk 10.4
Thou shalt not muzzle the ox when he treadeth out the corn
Dt 25.4 quoted in 1 Co 9.9 and 1 Tm 5.18
If a man’s brother die
Dt 25.5 quoted in Mt 22.24, Mk 12.19, and Lk 20.28
Cursed is everyone who continueth not
Dt 27.26 quoted in Ga 3.10
Eyes that they should not see
Dt 29.4 quoted in Ro 11.8
The word is nigh thee
Dt 30.12-14 quoted in Ro 10.6-8
I will in no wise fail thee
Dt 31.6, 8 quoted in He 13.5
I will provoke you to jealousy
Dt 32.21 quoted in Ro 10.19
Vengeance is mine
Dt 32.35 quoted in Ro 12.19
The Lord shall judge his people
Dt 32.35, 36 quoted in He 10.30
Rejoice, ye Gentiles, with his people
Dt 32.43 quoted in Ro 15.10
Let all the angels of God worship him
Dt 32.43 quoted in He 1.6
1 Samuel
A man after my heart
1 Sam 13.14 quoted in Ac 13.22
2 Samuel
I will be to him a father
2 Sam 7.14 quoted in 2 Cor 6.18 and He 1.5
I will give praise unto thee among the Gentiles
2 Sam 22.50 quoted in Ro 15.9
1 Kings
I alone am left, and they seek my life
1 Kgs 19.10, 14 quoted in Ro 11.3
Who have not bowed the knee to Baal
1 Kgs 19.18 quoted in Ro 11.4
Job
He that taketh the wise in their craftiness
Job 5.13 quoted in 1 Cor 3.19
Who hath first given to him
Job 41.11 quoted in Ro 11.35
Psalms
Why did the Gentiles rage?
Ps 2.1-2 quoted in Ac 4.25-26
Thou art my Son, this day have I begotten thee
Ps 2.7 quoted in Acts 13.33, He 1.5, and He 5.5
Be ye angry, and sin not
Ps 4.4 quoted in Eph 4.26
Their throat is an open sepulchre
Ps 5.9 quoted in Ro 3.13
Out of the mouth of babes
Ps 8.2 quoted in Mt 21.16
What is man, that thou art mindful of him?
Ps 8.4-6 quoted in He 2.6-8
He put all things in subjection under his feet
Ps 8.6 quoted in 1 Cor 15.27
Whose mouth is full of cursing and bitterness
Ps 10.7 quoted in Ro. 3.14
They are together become unprofitable
Ps 14.1-3 quoted in Ro 3.10-12
Thou wilt not leave my soul unto Hades
Ps 16.8-11 quoted in Ac 2.25-28
Neither was he left unto Hades
Ps 16.10 quoted in Ac 2.31
Thou wilt not give thy Holy One to see destruction
Ps 16.10 quoted in Ac 13.35
Therefore will I give praise unto thee among the Gentiles
Ps 18.49 quoted in Ro 15.9
Their sound went out into all the earth
Ps 19.4 quoted in Ro 10.18
My God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me?
Ps 22.1 quoted in Mt 27.46 and Mk 15.34
They parted my garments among them
Ps 22.18 quoted in Jn 19.24
I will declare thy name unto my brethren
Ps 22.22 quoted in He 2.12
The earth is the Lord’s, and the fullness thereof
Ps 24.1 quoted in 1 Cor 10.26
Into thy hands I commend my spirit
Ps 31.5 quoted in Lk 23.46
Blessed are those whose iniquities are forgiven
Ps 32.1-2 quoted in Ro 4.7-8
He that would love life, and see good days
Ps 34.12-14 quoted in 1 Pe 3.10-12
They hated me without a cause
Ps 35.19 quoted in Jn 15.25
There is no fear of God before their eyes
Ps 36.1 quoted in Ro 3.18
Sacrifice and offering thou wouldest not
Ps 40.6-8 quoted in He 10.5-7
He that eateth my bread lifted up his heel against me
Ps 41.9 quoted in Jn 13.18
For thy sake we are killed all the day long
Ps 44.22 quoted in Ro 8.36
Thy throne, O God, is for ever and ever
Ps 45.6-7 quoted in He 1.8-9
That thou mightest be justified in thy words
Ps 51.4 quoted in Ro 3.4
They are together become unprofitable
Ps 53.1-3 quoted in Ro 3.10-12
They hated me without a cause
Ps 69.4 quoted in Jn 15.25
Zeal for thy house shall eat me up
Ps 69.9 quoted in Jn 2.17 and Ro 15.3
Let their table be made a snare
Ps 69.22-23 quoted in Ro 11.9-10
Let his habitation be made desolate
Ps 69.25 quoted in Ac 1.20
I will open my mouth in parables
Ps 78.2 quoted in Mt 13.35
He gave them bread out of heaven to eat
Ps 78.24 quoted in Jn 6.31
I said, ye are gods
Ps 82.6 quoted in Jn 10.34
I have found David
Ps 89.20 quoted in Ac 13.22
He shall give his angels charge concerning thee
Ps 91.11-12 quoted in Mt 4.6 and Lk 4.10-11
The Lord knoweth the reasonings of the wise
Ps 94.11 quoted in 1 Cor 3.20
Today, if ye shall hear his voice
Ps 95.7-8 quoted in He 3.15
Today, if ye shall hear his voice
Ps 95.7-11 quoted in He 3.7-11 and He 4.7
As I sware in my wrath, They shall not enter into my rest
Ps 95.11 quoted in He 4.3, 5
And they all shall wax old as doth a garment
Ps 102.25-27 quoted in He 1.10-12
Who maketh his angels winds
Ps 104.4 quoted in He 1.7
His office let another take
Ps 109.8 quoted in Ac 1.20
The Lord said to my Lord
Ps 110.1 quoted in Mt 22.44, Mt 26.64, Mk 12.36, Mk 14.62,
Lk 20.42-43, Lk 22.69, Ac 2.34-35, and He 1.13
Thou art a priest for ever
Ps 110.4 quoted in He 5.6 and He 7.17, 21
He hath scattered abroad, he hath given to the poor
Ps 112.9 quoted in 2 Cor 9.9
I believed, and therefore did I speak
Ps 116.10 quoted in 2 Cor 4.13
Praise the Lord, all ye Gentiles
Ps 117.1 quoted in Ro 15.11
The Lord is my helper
Ps 118.6 quoted in He 13.6
The stone which the builders rejected
Ps 118.22 quoted in Lk 20.17, Ac 4.11, and 1 Pe 2.7
This was from the Lord, and it is marvellous in our eyes
Ps 118.22-23 quoted in Mt 21.42 and Mk 12.10-11
Blessed is he that cometh in the name of the Lord
Ps 118.25-26 quoted in Mt 21.9, Mk 11.9-10 and Jn 12.13
Blessed is he that cometh in the name of the Lord
Ps 118.26 quoted in Mt 23.39, Lk 13.35 and Lk 19.38
Of the fruit of his loins he would set one upon his throne
Ps 132.11 quoted in Ac 2.30
The poison of asps in under their lips
Ps 140.3 quoted in Ro 3.13
Proverbs
For whom the Lord loveth he chasteneth
Pr 3.11-12 quoted in He 12.5-6
God resisteth the proud, but giveth grace to the humble
Pr 3.34 quoted in James 4.6 and 1 Pe 5.5
And if the righteous is scarcely saved,
where shall the ungodly and sinner appear
Pr 11.31 quoted in 1 Pe 4.18
If thine enemy hunger, feed him
Pr 25.21-22 quoted in Ro 12.20
The dog turning to his own vomit again
Pr 26.11 quoted in 2 Pe 2.22
Isaiah
Except the Lord of Sabaoth had left us a seed,
we should have been as Sodom
Is 1.9 quoted in Ro 9.29
That seeing they may not see,
and hearing they may not understand
Is 6.9 quoted in Luke 8.10
By hearing ye shall hear, and in no wise understand
Is 6.9-10 quoted in Mt 13.14-15 and Mk 4.12
By hearing ye shall hear, and in no wise understand
Is 6.9-10 quoted in Ac 28.26-27
Lest they … should turn, and I should heal them
Is 6.10 quoted in Jo 12.40
Behold, the virgin shall be with child
Is 7.14 quoted in Mt. 1.23
God with us
Is 8.8, 10 quoted in Mt. 1.23
A stone of stumbling, and a rock of offence
Is 8.14 quoted in Ro 9.33 and 1 Pe 2.8
I will put my trust in him
Is 8.17 quoted in He 2.13
Behold, I and the children whom God hath given me
Is 8.18 quoted in He 2.13
The people that sat in darkness saw a great light
Is 9.1-2 quoted in Mt 4.15-16
It is the remnant that shall be saved
Is 10.22-23 quoted in Ro 9.27-28
On him shall the Gentiles hope
Is 11.10 quoted in Ro 15.12
Let us eat and drink, for tomorrow we die
Is 22.13 quoted in 1 Cor 15.32
Death is swallowed up in victory
Is 25.8 quoted in 1 Cor 15.54
When I shall take away their sins
Is 27.9 quoted in Ro 11.27
By men of strange tongues … will I speak unto this people
Is 28.11-12 quoted in 1 Cor 14.21
He that believeth on him shall not be put to shame
Is 28.16 quoted in Ro 9.33, 10.11 and 1 Pe 2.6
God gave them a spirit of stupor
Is 29.10 quoted in Ro 11.8
Teaching as their doctrines the precepts of men
Is 29.13 quoted in Mt 15.8-9 and Mk 7.6-7
I will destroy the wisdom of the wise
Is 29.14 quoted in 1 Cor 1.19
All flesh shall see the salvation of God
Is 40.3-5 quoted in Lk 3.4-6
The voice of one crying in the wilderness
Is 40.3 quoted in Mt 3.3, Mk 1.3 and Jn 1.23
All flesh is as grass
Is 40.6-8 quoted in 1 Pe 1.24-25
Who hath known the mind of the Lord?
Is 40.13 quoted in Ro 11.34 and 1 Cor 2.16
Behold, my servant whom I have chosen
Is 42.1-3 quoted in Mt 12.18-19
And in his name shall the Gentiles hope
Is 42.4 quoted in Mt 12.21
An elect race
Is 43.20 quoted in 1 Pe 2.9
A people for God’s own possession
Is 43.21 quoted in 1 Pe 2.9
There is none other but he
Is 45.21 quoted in Mk 12.32
To me every knee shall bow
Is 45.23 quoted in Ro 14.11
A light of the Gentiles
Is 49.6 quoted in Ac 13.47
At an acceptable time I hearkened unto thee
Is 49.8 quoted in 2 Cor 6.2
As I live, saith the Lord
Is 49.18 quoted in Ro 14.11
For the name of God is blasphemed
among the Gentiles because of you
Is 52.5 quoted in Ro 2.24
How beautiful are the feet
Is 52.7 quoted in Ro 10.15
Come out from among them, and be ye separate
Is 52.11 quoted in 2 Cor 6.17
They shall see, to whom no tidings of him came
Is 52.15 quoted in Ro 15.21
Who has believed our report?
Is 53.1 quoted in Jn 12.38 and Ro 10.16
Himself took our infirmities, and bare our diseases
Is 53.4 quoted in Mt 8.17
He was led as a sheep to the slaughter
Is 53.7-8 quoted in Ac 8.32-33
Who did no sin, neither was guile found in his mouth
Is 53.9 quoted in 1 Pe 2.22
And he was reckoned with transgressors
Is 53.12 quoted in Lk 22.37
Rejoice thou barren that bearest not
Is 54.1 quoted in Ga 4.27
And they shall all be taught of God
Is 54.13 quoted in Jn 6.45
The sure mercies of David
Is 55.3 quoted in Ac 13.34
My house shall be called a house of prayer
Is 56.7 quoted in Mt 21.13, Mk 11.17 and Lk 19.46
Their feet are swift to shed blood
Is 59.7-8 quoted in Ro 3.15-17
He shall turn away ungodliness from Jacob
Is 59.20-21 quoted in Ro 11.26-27
The Spirit of the Lord is upon me
Is 61.1-2 quoted in Lk 4.18-19
Behold, thy King cometh unto thee
Is 62.11 quoted in Mt 21.5
Things which eye saw not
Is 64.4 quoted in 2 Cor 2.9
I was found of them that sought me not
Is 65.1 quoted in Ro 10.20
A disobedient and gainsaying people
Is 65.2 quoted in Ro 10.21
The heaven is my throne
Is 66.1-2 quoted in Ac 7.49-50
Jeremiah
He that glorieth, let him glory in the Lord
Jer 9.24 quoted in 1 Cor 1.31 and 2 Cor 10.17
A voice was heard in Ramah
Jer 31.15 quoted in Mt 2.18
Behold, the days come
Jer 31.31-34 quoted in He 8.8-12
I will put my laws on their heart
Jer 31.33-34 quoted in He 10.16-17
Ezekiel
I will receive you
Eze 20.34, 41 quoted in 2 Cor 6.17
I will be their God
Eze 37.27 quoted in 2 Cor 6.16
Daniel
They shall see the Son of man coming on the clouds of heaven
Dn 7.13 quoted in Mt 24.30, 26.64, Mk 13.26, 14.62 and Lk 21.27
Hosea
They shall be called sons of the living God
Ho 1.10 quoted in Ro 9.26
I will call that my people, which was not my people
Ho 2.23 quoted in Ro 9.25
I desire mercy, and not sacrifice
Ho 6.6 quoted in Mt 9.13 and 12.7
They shall begin to say to the mountains, Fall on us
Ho 10.8 quoted in Lk 23.30
Out of Egypt did I call my son
Ho 11.1 quoted in Mt 2.15
O death, where is thy sting?
Ho 13.14 quoted in 1 Cor 15.55
Joel
I will pour forth of my Spirit upon all flesh
Jl 2.28-32 quoted in Ac 2.17-21
Whosoever shall call upon the name of the Lord shall be saved
Jl 2.32 quoted in Ro 10.13
Amos
Ye took up the tabernacle of Moloch.
Am 5.25-27 quoted in Ac 7.42-43
I will build again the tabernacle of David, which is fallen
Am 9.11-12 quoted in Ac 15.16-17
Jonah
Jonah was three days and three nights in the belly of the whale
Jonah 1.17 quoted in Mt 12.40
Micah
And thou Bethlehem, land of Judah,
Art in no wise least among the princes of Judah
Mic 5.2 quoted in Mt 2.6
For I came to set a man at variance against his father
Mic 7.6 quoted in Mt 10.35-36
Habakkuk
For I work a work in your days,
which ye shall in no wise believe
Hab 1.5 quoted in Ac 13.41
But my righteous one shall live by faith
Hab 2.3-4 quoted in He 10.37-38
But my righteous one shall live by faith
Hab 2.4 quoted in Ro 1.17 and Ga 3.11
Haggai
Yet once more I will shake the earth
Hg 2.6 quoted in He 12.26
Zechariah
Speak ye truth each one with his neighbor
Zch 8.16 quoted in Eph 4.25
Tell ye the daughter of Zion, Behold, thy King cometh unto thee
Zch 9.9 quoted in Mt 21.5, Jn 12.15
And they took the thirty pieces of silver
Zch 11.12-13 quoted in Mt 27.9-10
They shall look on him whom they pierced
Zch 12.10 quoted in Jn 19.37
I will smite the shepherd,
and the sheep of the flock shall be scattered abroad
Zch 13.7 quoted in Mt 26.31 and Mk 14.27
Malachi
Jacob I loved, but Esau I hated
Mal 1.2-3 quoted in Ro 9.13
Behold, I send my messenger before thy face
Mal 3.1 quoted in Mt 11.10, Mk 1.2, and Lk 7.27
The Septuagint Is Quoted in the New Testament against the sense of the Hebrew text |
Enoch was not, because God translated him
Gen 5.24 quoted in Heb 11.5
To thy seed
Gn 12.7 quoted in Ga 3.16
Jacob … worshipped, leaning on the top of his staff
Gen 47.31 quoted in Heb 11.21
Wouldest thou kill me, as thou killest the Egyptian yesterday?
Ex 2.14 quoted in Ac 7.27-28
My name might be published abroad in all the earth
Ex 9.16 quoted in Ro 9.17
A royal priesthood
Ex 19.6 quoted in 1 Pe 2.9
The Lord knoweth them that are his
Nu 16.5 quoted in 2 Tm 2.19
Thou shalt worship the Lord thy God
Dt 6.13 quoted in Mt 4.10 and Lk 4.8
Put away the wicked man from among yourselves
Dt 17.7 quoted in 1 Cor 5.13
Cursed is every one that hangeth on a tree
Dt 21.23 quoted in Ga 3.13
Cursed is everyone who continueth not
Dt 27.26 quoted in Ga 3.10
Let all the angels of God worship him
Dt 32.43 quoted in He 1.6
Why did the Gentiles rage?
Ps 2.1-2 quoted in Ac 4.25-26
Their throat is an open sepulchre
Ps 5.9 quoted in Ro 3.13
Out of the mouth of babes
Ps 8.2 quoted in Mt 21.16
What is man, that thou art mindful of him?
Ps 8.4-6 quoted in He 2.6-8
Whose mouth is full of cursing and bitterness
Ps 10.7 quoted in Ro 3.14
They are together become unprofitable
Ps 14.1-3 quoted in Ro 3.10-12
Thou wilt not leave my soul unto Hades
Ps 16.8-11 quoted in Ac 2.25-28
Their sound went out into all the earth
Ps 19.4 quoted in Ro 10.18
I will declare thy name unto my brethren
Ps 22.22 quoted in He 2.12
Sacrifice and offering thou wouldest not
Ps 40.6-8 quoted in He 10.5-6
That thou mightest be justified in thy words
Ps 51.4 quoted in Ro 3.4
They are together become unprofitable
Ps 53.1-3 quoted in Ro 3.10-12
Let their table be made a snare
Ps 69.22-23 quoted in Ro 11.9-10
He gave them bread out of heaven to eat
Ps 78.24 quoted in Jn 6.31
Today, if ye shall hear his voice
Ps 95.7-8 quoted in He 3.15 and He 4.7
Today, if ye shall hear his voice
Ps 95.7-11 quoted in He 3.7-11
And they all shall wax old as doth a garment
Ps 102.25-27 quoted in He 1.10-12
I believed, and therefore did I speak
Ps 116.10 quoted in 2 Cor 4.13
The Lord is my helper
Ps 118.6 quoted in He 13.6
The poison of asps in under their lips
Ps 140.3 quoted in Ro 3.13
For whom the Lord loveth he chasteneth
Pr 3.11-12 quoted in He 12.5-6
God resisteth the proud, but giveth grace to the humble
Pr 3.34 quoted in James 4.6 and 1 Pe 5.5
And if the righteous is scarcely saved,
where shall the ungodly and sinner appear
Pr 11.31 quoted in 1 Pe 4.18
If thine enemy hunger, feed him
Pr 25.21-22 quoted in Ro 12.20
Except the Lord of Sabaoth had left us a seed,
we should have been as Sodom
Is 1.9 quoted in Ro 9.29
By hearing ye shall hear, and in no wise understand
Is 6.9-10 quoted in Mt 13.14-15 and Mk 4.12
By hearing ye shall hear, and in no wise understand
Is 6.9-10 quoted in Ac 28.26-27
Lest they should see with their eyes … and I should heal them
Is 6.9-10 quoted in John 12.40
Behold, the virgin shall be with child
Is 7.14 quoted in Mt. 1.23
I will put my trust in him
Is 8.17 quoted in He 2.13
It is the remnant that shall be saved
Is 10.22-23 quoted in Ro 9.27-28
On him shall the Gentiles hope
Is 11.10 quoted in Ro 15.12
When I shall take away their sins
Is 27.9 quoted in Ro 11.27
He that believeth on him shall not be put to shame
Is 28.16 quoted in Ro 9.33, 10.11 and 1 Pe 2.6
Teaching as their doctrines the precepts of men
Is 29.13 quoted in Mt 15.8-9 and Mk 7.6-7
I will destroy the wisdom of the wise
Is 29.14 quoted in 1 Cor 1.19
All flesh shall see the salvation of God
Is 40.3-5 quoted in Lk 3.4-6
The voice of one crying in the wilderness
Is 40.3 quoted in Mt 3.3, Mk 1.3 and Jn 1.23
All flesh is as grass
Is 40.6-8 quoted in 1 Pt 1.24-25
Who hath known the mind of the Lord?
Is 40.13 quoted in Ro 11.34 and 1 Cor 2.16
And in his name shall the Gentiles hope
Is 42.4 quoted in Mt 12.21
A people for God’s own possession
Is 43.21 quoted in 1 Pe 2.9
To me every knee shall bow
Is 45.23 quoted in Ro 14.11
At an acceptable time I hearkened unto thee
Is 49.8 quoted in 2 Cor 6.2
For the name of God is blasphemed
among the Gentiles because of you
Is 52.5 quoted in Ro 2.24
They shall see, to whom no tidings of him came
Is 52.15 quoted in Ro 15.21
Who has believed our report?
Is 53.1 quoted in Jn 12.38 and Ro 10.16
He was led as a sheep to the slaughter
Is 53.7-8 quoted in Ac 8.32-33
Neither was guile found in his mouth
Is 53.9 quoted in 1 Pt 2.22
Rejoice thou barren that bearest not
Is 54.1 quoted in Ga 4.27
The holy and sure blessings of David
Is 55.3 quoted in Ac 13.34
To set at liberty them that are bruised
Is 58.6 in Luke 4.18
He shall turn away ungodliness from Jacob
Is 59.20-21 quoted in Ro 11.26-27
The Spirit of the Lord is upon me
Is 61.1-2 quoted in Lk 4.18-19
I was found of them that sought me not
Is 65.1 quoted in Ro 10.20
A disobedient and gainsaying people
Is 65.2 quoted in Ro 10.21
Behold, the days come
Jer 31.31-34 quoted in He 8.8-12
I will put my laws on their heart
Jer 31.33-34 quoted in He 10.16-17
I will call that my people, which was not my people
Ho 2.23 quoted in Ro 9.25
I desire mercy, and not sacrifice
Ho 6.6 quoted in Mt 9.13 and 12.7
O death, where is thy sting?
Ho 13.14 quoted in 1 Cor 15.55
I will pour forth of my Spirit upon all flesh
Jl 2.28-32 quoted in Ac 2.17-21
Ye took up the tabernacle of Moloch
Am 5.25-27 quoted in Ac 7.42-43
I will build again the tabernacle of David, which is fallen
Am 9.11-12 quoted in Ac 15.16-17
For I work a work in your days,
which ye shall in no wise believe
Hab 1.5 quoted in Ac 13.41
But my righteous one shall live by faith
Hab 2.3-4 quoted in He 10.37-38
a Masoretic Reading Is Quoted in the New Testament against the sense of the Septuagint |
He that taketh the wise in their craftiness Job 5.13 quoted in 1 Cor 3.19Who hath first given to him Job 41.11 quoted in Ro 11.35A stone of stumbling, and a rock of offence Is 8.14 quoted in Ro 9.33 and 1 Pe 2.8Out of Egypt did I call my son Ho 11.1 quoted in Mt 2.15They shall look on him whom they pierced Zch 12.10 quoted in Jn 19.37 Behold, I send my messenger before thy face
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The following table shows Septuagint readings which differ from the Masoretic text, but which are supported by the Dead Sea Scrolls. Underlining is used to highlight the differences so supported. The “Septuagint” column largely reflects Brenton’s translation, and the “Masoretic Text” is based on the American Standard Version. The table is limited to the first five books of the Bible, but similar variations prevail elsewhere.
Although the Dead Sea Scrolls often support Septuagint readings, they also frequently oppose them. Thus, the alignments listed below are evidence for the antiquity of Hebrew source text of the Septuagint and for the diversity of the Hebrew Old Testament in ancient times. But they do not, in themselves, argue that the Hebrew source the Septuagint is based upon is preferable to the Masoretic text.The list of passages given below was generated using the footnotes in The Dead Sea Scrolls Bible, Abegg, Flint, and Ullrich, HarperCollins, 1999. |
| Gen 1.9 | 4QGenh1 | Let the water which is under the heaven be collected into one gathering | Let the waters under the heavens be gathered together unto one place |
| Gen 1.9 | 4QGenk | And the water which was under the heaven was collected into its gatherings, and the dry land appeared. | [Not in MT.] |
| Gen 1.14 | 4QGenk | let them be for signs and for seasons and for days and foryears |
let them be for signs, and for seasons, and for days and years |
| Gen 6.20 | 6QGen | of all reptiles creeping upon the earth after theirkind |
of every creeping thing of the ground afteritskind |
| Gen 35.23 | 4QGen-Exoda | the first-born of Jacob; Ruben, Symeon | Reuben, Jacob’s first-born, andSimeon |
| Gen 41.7 | 4QGenc | And the seven thin ears and blasted with the wind devoured the seven choice and full ears | And the thin ears swallowed up the seven rank and full ears. |
| Gen 41.16 | 4QGenj | And Joseph answered Pharao and said, Without God an answer of safety shall not be given to Pharao. | And Joseph answered Pharaoh, saying, It is not in me: God will give Pharaoh an answer of peace. |
| Gen 41.24 | 4QGenj | And the seventhin and blasted ears devoured the seven fine and full ears |
and the thin ears swallowed up the seven good ears |
| Ex 1.1 | 4QExodb | that came into Egypt together with Jacob their father | who came into Egypt (every man and his household came with Jacob) |
| Ex 1.5 | 4QExodb | And all the souls born of Jacob were seventy-five. | And all the souls that came out of the loins of Jacob were seventysouls |
| Ex 1.12 | 2QExoda | But as they humbledthem, by so muchtheymultiplied, and grew exceedingly strong |
But the more they afflictedhim, the morehemultiplied andthe more he spread abroad. |
| Ex 2.3 | 4QExodb | put itin the marsh by the river |
laid it in the flags by the river’s brink |
| Ex 2.6 | 4QExodb | And having opened it, she sees the babe | And she opened it, and saw [him] the child |
| Ex 2.6 | 4QExodb | and the daughter of Pharao had compassion on him | And shehad compassion on him |
| Ex 2.11 | 4QExodb | And it came to pass inthat length of time |
And it came to pass inthose days |
| Ex 2.16 | 4QExodb | And the priest of Madiam had seven daughters, shepherding the flock | Now the priest of Midian had seven daughters |
| Ex 3.8 | 4QGen-Exoda | and Amorites, and Pherezites,and Gergesites, and Evites, and Jebusites |
and the Amorite, and the Perizzite, and the Hivite, and the Jebusite |
| Ex 3.15 | 4QGen-Exoda | the God of Abraam,andGod of Isaac |
the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac |
| Ex 3.16 | 4QExodb | Go then and gather the elders of the children of Israel | Go, and gather the elders of Israel together |
| Ex 3.16 | 4QExodb | and Godof Isaac, andGodof Jacob |
of Isaac, and of Jacob |
| Ex 3.19 | 4QExodb | will not let you go,savewith a mighty hand |
will not give you leave to go,no, not by a mighty hand |
| Ex 4.6 | 4QGen-Exoda | brought his hand outof his bosom |
he took it out |
| Ex 5.4 | 4QExodb | Why do ye, Moses and Aaron, turn the people from their works? | Wherefore do ye, Moses and Aaron, loosethe people from their works? |
| Ex 5.8 | 4QGen-Exoda 4QExodb |
Let us arise anddo sacrifice to our God |
Let us go andsacrifice to our God |
| Ex 5.9 | 4QExodb | Let the works of these men be made grievous, and let them carefor these things |
Let heavier work be laid upon the men, that they may labortherein |
| Ex 5.13 | 4QGen-Exoda | as when straw was given you | as when there was straw |
| Ex 7.10 | 4QGen-Exodm 4QGen-Exoda |
And Moses and Aaron went inbeforePharao |
And Moses and Aaron went inuntoPharaoh |
| Ex 8.16 | 4QExodc | Stretch forth thy rodwith thy handand smite the dust of the earth |
Stretch out thy rod, and smite the dust of the earth |
| Ex 9.6 | 4QpaleoExodm | all the cattle ofthe Egyptiansdied |
all the cattle of Egyptdied |
| Ex 9.7 | 4QpaleoExodm | that of all the cattle of thechildren of Israel there died not one |
there was not so much as one of the cattle of the Israelitesdead |
| Ex 9.8 | 4QpaleoExodm | And the Lord spoke to Moses and Aaron, saying, Take you handfuls of ashes | And Jehovah said unto Moses and unto Aaron, Take to you handfuls of ashes |
| Ex 9.28 | 2QExoda | and the hail and the fire | and hail |
| Ex 10.15 | 4QExodc | And they covered the face of the earth, and the land was wasted | For they covered the face of the whole earth, so that the land was darkened |
| Ex 10.17 | 4QExodc | pardon (plural) therefore | Now therefore forgive (singular) |
| Ex 10.24 | 4QpaleoExodm | And Pharao called Mosesand Aaron |
And Pharaoh called unto Moses |
| Ex 12.3 | 2QExoda | Speak to all the congregationof the childrenof Israel |
Speak ye unto all the congregation of Israel |
| Ex 12.6 | 4QpaleoGen-Exodl | all the multitude of the congregationof the childrenof Israel |
the whole assembly of the congregation of Israel |
| Ex 12.36 | 4QpaleoExodm | and they spoiled the Egyptians | And they despoiledEgypt {?} |
| Ex 12.39 | 2QExoda | for the Egyptians cast them out | because they were thrust out of Egypt |
| Ex 13.3 | 4QExode | Remember this day, in which ye came forth out of the land of Egypt | Remember this day, in which ye came out from Egypt |
| Ex 13.5 | 4QExode | And it shall come to pass when the Lordthy God shall |
And it shall be, when Jehovah shall |
| Ex 14.10 | 4QExodc | the Egyptians | Egypt {?} |
| Ex 17.2 | 4QExodc 4QpaleoExodm |
Why do ye revile me, andwhy tempt ye the Lord? |
Why strive ye with me? Wherefore do ye tempt Jehovah? |
| Ex 17.12 | 4QpaleoExodm 4QExodc |
But the hands of Moses wereheavy |
But Moses’ handswas heavy |
| Ex 18.6 | 4QpaleoExodm | Behold, thy father-in-law Jothor | I, thy father-in-law Jethro |
| Ex 18.13 | 4QpaleoExodm | Moses from morning till evening | Moses from themorning unto the evening |
| Ex 18.16 | 4QpaleoExodm | whenever there is a dispute among them,andthey come to me |
when they have a matter, they come unto me |
| Ex 18.21 | 4QpaleoExodm | captains of thousands andcaptains of hundreds,andcaptains of fifties |
rulers of thousands, rulers of hundreds, rulers of fifties |
| Ex 22.5 | 4QpaleoExodm | he shall make compensation of his own field according to his produce; and if he shall have fed down the whole field | [Not in MT.] |
| Ex 23.8 | 4QpaleoGen-Exodl | for gifts blindthe eyes of the seeing |
for a bribe blindeth them that have sight |
| Ex 23.9 | 4QpaleoGen-Exodl | And yeshall not afflict a stranger |
And a sojourner shaltthounot oppress |
| Ex 26.10 | 4QpaleoExodm | And thou shalt makeloops fifty |
And thou shalt makefifty loops |
| Ex 26.30 | 4QpaleoGen-Exodl | And thou shalt set up the tabernacle according to the pattern shewed thee in the mount. | And thou shalt rear up the tabernacle according to the fashion thereofwhich hath been showed thee in the mount |
| Ex 28.7 | pap7QLXXExod | It shall have two shoulder-pieces joined one to another | It shall have two shoulder-pieces joined |
| Ex 32.7 | 4QpaleoExodm | And the Lord spoke to Moses,saying, Go |
And Jehovah spake unto Moses, Go |
| Ex 32.13 | 4QpaleoExodm | that they shall possessitfor ever |
they shall inherititfor ever |
| Ex 32.27 | 4QpaleoExodm | Put every one his sword on his thigh,andgo through and return from gate to gate through the camp |
Put ye every man his sword upon his thigh,andgo to and fro from gate to gate throughout the camp |
| Ex 40.17 | 4QExod-Levf | And it came to pass in the first month, in the second year after their going forth out of Egypt, at the new moon | And it came to pass in the first month in the second year, on the first day of the month |
| Ex 40.22 | 4QExod-Levf | And he brought the ark intothe tabernacle |
and he brought the ark in the tabernacle |
| Lv 1.17 | 4QLevb | And he shall break it off from the wingsandshall not separate it |
and he shall rend it by the wings thereof,butshall not divide it asunder |
| Lv 2.1 | 4QExod-Levf | and he shall pour oil upon it, and shall put frankincense on it: it is a sacrifice | and he shall pour oil upon it, and put frankincense thereon |
| Lv 2.8 | 4QLevb | And heshall offer |
And thoushalt bring |
| Lv 2.11 | 4QLevb | Ye shall not leaveneverysacrifice which ye shall bring to the Lord |
Each meal-offering, which ye shall offer unto Jehovah, shall not be made with leaven |
| Lv 3.11 | 4QLevb | the priest shall offer these on the altar | And the priest shall burnitupon the altar |
| Lv 3.11 | pap4QLXXLevb | it is a sacrificeof sweet savour, a burnt-offering to the Lord |
it is the food of the offering made by fire unto Jehovah |
| Lv 4.4 | pap4QLXXLevb | and he shall put his hand on the head of the calf before the Lord, and shall slay the calf in the presence of the Lord | and he shall lay his hand upon the head of the bullock, and kill the bullock before Jehovah |
| Lv 4.7 | pap4QLXXLevb | And the priest shall put of the blood of the calf on the horns of the altar | And the priest shall put of the blood upon the horns of the altar |
| Lv 4.27 | pap4QLXXLevb | And if a soul of the people of the land should sin unwillingly, in doing a thing | And if any one of the common people sin unwittingly, in doing any of the things which |
| Lv 5.6 | pap4QLXXLevb | and the priest shall make an atonement for him for his sin which he has sinned, and his sin shall be forgiven him | and the priest shall make atonement for him as concerning his sin |
| Lv 5.9 | pap4QLXXLevb | for it is a sin-offering | it is a sin-offering |
| Lv 5.19 | pap4QLXXLevb | For he has surely been guilty | It is a trespass-offering |
| Lv 10.1 | 11QLevb | And the twosons of Aaron, Nadab and Abiud |
And Nadab and Abihu, the sons of Aaron |
| Lv 10.1 | 11QLevb | which the Lord did not command them | which he had not commanded them |
| Lv 11.26 | 2QpaleoLev | And whichever among the beasts divides the hoof and makes claws | Every beast which parteth the hoof, and the footdoes not cleave |
| Lv 13.42 | 11QpaleoLeva | And if there should be inhisbaldness of head |
But if there be inthebald head |
| Lv 14.51 | 4QLev-Numa | sprinkle uponthe house seven times |
sprinkle towardthe house seven times |
| Lv 15.3 | 11QpaleoLeva | And this is the law of his uncleanness; whoever has a gonorrhoea out of his body, this is his uncleanness in him by reason of the issue, by which, his body is affected through the issue: all the days of the issue of his body, by which his body is affected through the issue, there is his uncleanness | And this shall be his uncleanness in his issue: whether his flesh run with his issue, or his flesh be stopped from his issue, it is his uncleanness |
| Lv 17.4 | 4QLevd | and shall not bring it to the door of the tabernacle of witness, so as to sacrifice it for a whole-burnt-offering or peace-offering to the Lord to be acceptable for a sweet-smelling savour: and whosoever shall slay it without, and shall not bring it to the door of the tabernacle of witness, so as to offer it as a gift to the Lord before the tabernacle of the Lord; blood shall be imputed to that man, he has shed blood; that soul shall be cut off from his people | and hath not brought it unto the door of the tent of meeting, to offer it as an oblation unto Jehovah before the tabernacle of Jehovah: blood shall be imputed unto that man; he hath shed blood; and that man shall be cut off from among his people |
| Lv 17.11 | 4QLevd | For the life ofallflesh is its blood |
For the life of the flesh is in the blood |
| Lv 18.30 | 11QpaleoLeva | for I am the Lord your God | I am Jehovah your God |
| Lv 21.8 | 11QpaleoLeva | for I the Lord that sanctifythemam holy |
for I Jehovah, who sanctifyyou, am holy |
| Lv 22.5 | 4QLeve | or whosoever shall touch any uncleanreptile |
or whosoever toucheth any creeping thing |
| Lv 22.18 | 4QLevb | according to all their confession oraccording to all their choice |
whether it be any of their vows, andany of their freewill-offerings |
| Lv 22.24 | 11QpaleoLeva | thou shalt not offerthemto the Lord |
ye shall not offer unto Jehovah |
| Lv 22.31 | 4QLevb | And ye shall keep my commandments and do them | Therefore shall ye keep my commandments, and do them: I am Jehovah |
| Lv 25.46 | 4QLevb | And ye shall distributethem to your children after you |
And ye shall maketheman inheritancefor your children after you |
| Num 3.3 | 4QLev-Numa | whom theyconsecrated to the priesthood |
whom heconsecrated to minister in the priest’s office |
| Num 4.6 | 4QLXXNum | and shall put the staves through | and shall put in the stavesthereof |
| Num 4.8 | 4QLXXNum | shall put the staves into it | shall put in the staves thereof |
| Num 11.32 | 4QNumb | and all the night, and all the day the next | and all the night, and allthe next day |
| Num 12.6 | 4QNumb | And he said to them, Hear | And he said, Hear |
| Num 13.23 | 4QNumb | cut down thence a bough and one cluster of grapesupon it |
cut down from thence a branch with one cluster of grapes |
| Num 13.24 | 4QNumb | And they calledthat place |
That place was called(singular verb) |
| Num 16.1 | 4QNumb | Phaleth the sonof Ruben |
Peleth, sonsof Reuben |
| Num 16.2 | 4QNumb | and men of renown | men of renown |
| Num 16.5 | 4QNumb | And he spoke to Core and all his assembly, saying, God has visited and known those that are his and who are holy, and has brought them to himself; and whom he has chosenfor himself, he has brought to himself. |
and he spake unto Korah and unto all his company, saying, In the morning Jehovah will show who are his, and who is holy and will cause him to come near unto him: even him whom he shall choose will he cause to come near unto him. |
| Num 18.30 | 4QNumb | from the wine-press | of the wine-press |
| Num 18.31 | 4QNumb | ye and your households | ye and yourhousehold |
| Num 19.3 | 4QNumb | they shall bring her out of the camp into a clean place, and shall kill her | he shall bring her forth without the camp, andone shall slay her |
| Num 20.24 |
4QNumb | Let Aaron be added to his people | Aaron shall be gathered unto his peoples |
| Num 22.9 | 4QNumb | And God came to Balaam, and saidto him |
And God came unto Balaam, and said |
| Num 22.10 | 4QNumb | sent them to me,saying |
sent unto me, saying |
| Num 22.11 | 4QNumb | Behold, a people has come forth out of Egypt, and has covered the face of the land, and it has encamped near to me; and now come, curse it for me, if indeed I shall be able to smite it, and cast it out of the land. | Behold, the peoplethatis come out of Egypt, it covereth the face of the earth: now, come curse me them; peradventure I shall be able to fight against them, and shall drive them out. |
| Num 22.13 | 4QNumb | Depart quickly to yourlord |
Get you into yourland |
| Num 22.17 | 4QNumb | will do for theewhatsoever thou shalt say |
whatsoever thou sayest unto me I will do |
| Num 22.18 | 4QNumb | shall not be able to go beyond the word of the Lord God, to make it little or great in my mind | I cannot go beyond the word of Jehovah my God, to do less or more |
| Num 23.3 | 4QNumb | if Godwill appear to me and meet me |
peradventure Jehovahwill come to meet me |
| Num 24.1 | 4QNumb | he did not go according to his custom to meettheomens |
he went not, as at the other times, to meet with enchantments |
| Num 24.6 | 4QNumb | as gardens by a river, and as tents which God pitched | As gardens by the river-side, Aslign-aloes which Jehovah hath planted |
| Num 25.16 | 4QNumb | And the Lord spoke to Moses, saying,Speak to the children of Israel, saying, |
And Jehovah spake unto Moses, saying, |
| Num 26.17 | 4QNumb | to Aroadi, the family of the Aroadites; toAriel, the family of the Arielites |
of Arod, the family of the Arodites; of Areli, the family of the Arelites |
| Num 26.21 | 4QNumb | the family of the Jamunites | the family of the Hamulites |
| Num 26.23 | 4QNumb | the family of thePhuaites |
the family of thePunites |
| Num 26.30 | 4QNumb | And these are the sons of Galaad; toAchiezer |
These are the sons of Gilead: ofIezer |
| Num 26.32 | 4QNumb | and to Opher, the family of the Opherites | and of Hepher, the family of the Hepherites |
| Num 26.33 | 4QNumb | and these were thenamesof the daughters of Salpaad |
and the nameof the daughters of Zelophehad |
| Num 26.34 | 4QNumb | These are the families of Manasse according | These are the families of Manasseh;and |
| Num 27.1 | 4QNumb | the daughters of Salpaad the son of Opher | the daughters of Zelophehad, the son of Hepher |
| Num 28.14 | 4QNumb | for onelamb |
for alamb |
| Num 30.7 | 4QNumb | and her husband should hear, andhold his peace at her in the day in which he should hear |
and her husband hear it, andin the day that he heareth it holds his peace at her |
| Num 30.8 | 4QNumb | But if her husband should straitly forbid her in the day in which he should hear her, noneof her vows or obligationsshall stand |
But if her husband disallow her in the day that he heareth it, then he shall make void her vow |
| Num 31.30 | 4QNumb | from the sheep, and from the asses | of the asses, and of the flocks |
| Num 31.48 | 4QNumb | And allthose who were appointed to be officers |
And the officers that were |
| Num 31.50 | 4QNumb | a ring, ora bracelet |
signet-rings, ear-rings |
| Num 31.52 | 4QNumb | sixteen thousandandseven hundred |
sixteen thousand seven hundred |
| Num 32.30 | 4QNumb | But if they will not pass over armed with you to war before the Lord, then shall ye cause to pass over their possessions and their wives and their cattle before you into the land of Chanaan, and they shall inherit with you in the land of Chanaan | but if they will not pass over with you armed, they shall have possessions among you in the land of Canaan |
| Num 35.5 | 4QNumb | and on the side to the west two thousand cubits | and for the west side two thousand cubits |
| Num 35.21 | 4QNumb | he is a murderer: let the murderer by all means be put to death:the avenger of blood |
he is a murderer: the avenger of blood |
| Num 36.1 | 4QNumb | before Moses, and before Eleazar the priest, and before the heads | before Moses, and before the princes |
| Dt 1.39 | 4QDeuth | this day knows (singular) not good or evil | this day have no knowledge (plural) of good or evil |
| Dt 3.20 | 4QDeutm | until the Lord your God give your brethren rest | until Jehovah give rest unto your brethren |
| Dt 3.27 | 4QDeutd | Go up onto the top | Get thee up untothe top |
| Dt 5.1 | 4QDeutj | Hear, Israel, the ordinances and judgments, all that I speak in your ears this day | Hear, O Israel, the statutes and the ordinances which I speak in your ears today |
| Dt 5.3 | 4QDeutn | here alive this day | here alive |
| Dt 5.5 | 4QDeutn | And I stood between the Lord and you at that time to report to you the wordsof the Lord |
I stood between Jehovah and you at that time, to show you the word of Jehovah |
| Dt 5.8 | 4QDeutn | Thou shalt not make to thyself an image,norlikeness of any thing |
Thou shalt not make unto thee a graven image, norany likeness of anything |
| Dt 5.9 | 4QDeutn | upon the children to the third and fourth generation | upon the children, andupon the third and upon the fourth generation |
| Dt 5.14 | 4QDeutn | but on the seventh day is the sabbath of the Lord thy God: thou shalt do in it no work, thou, and thy son, and thy daughter, thy man-servant, and thy maid-servant, thine ox, and thine ass, and all thy cattle, and the stranger that sojourns in the midst of thee; that thy man-servant may rest, and thy maid, and thine ox, as well as thou | but the seventh day is a sabbath unto Jehovah thy God: in itthou shalt not do any work, thou, nor thy son, nor thy daughter, northy man-servant, nor thy maid-servant,northine ox, nor thine ass, nor any of thy cattle, nor thy stranger that is within thy gates; that thy man-servant and thy maid-servant may rest as well as thou |
| Dt 5.15 | 4QDeutn | therefore the Lord appointed thee tokeep the sabbath day and to hallow it |
therefore Jehovah thy God commanded thee toperformthe sabbath day |
| Dt 5.19 | 4QDeutn | Thou shalt not steal | Neither shalt thou steal |
| Dt 5.20 | 4QDeutn | Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbour | Neither shalt thou bear false witness against thy neighbor |
| Dt 5.21 | 4QDeutn | Thou shalt not covet thy neighbour’s wife; thou shalt not covetthy neighbour’s house |
Neither shalt thou covet thy neighbor’s wife; neithershalt thou desirethy neighbor’s house |
| Dt 5.24 | 4QDeutn | in this day we have seen that God shall speak to man | we have seen this day that God doth speak with man |
| Dt 5.27 | 4QDeutj | Do thou draw near, and hear all that the Lord our God shall say to you | Go thou near, and hear all that Jehovah our God shall say |
| Dt 5.29 | 4QDeutk1 | O that there were such a heart in them, that they should fear me and keep my commands always | Oh that there were such a heart in them, that they would fear me, and keep allmy commandments always |
| Dt 7.4 | 4QpaleoDeutr | For he will draw away thy son from me, andhewill serve other gods |
For he will turn away thy son from following me, thattheymay serve other gods |
| Dt 7.15 | 5QDeutcorr | And the Lord thy God shall remove from thee all sickness; and none of the evil diseases of Egypt, which thou hast seen, and all that thou hast known | And Jehovah will take away from thee all sickness; and none of the evil diseases of Egypt, which thou knowest |
| Dt 7.19 | 4QpaleoDeutr | the great temptations which thine eyes have seen, thesigns and great wonders |
the great trials which thine eyes saw, andthesigns, and the wonders |
| Dt 7.23 | 4QDeute | And the Lord thy God shall deliver them into thy hands | But Jehovah thy God will deliver them upbefore thee |
| Dt 8.2 | 4QDeutc | that he might afflict thee, andtry thee |
that he might humble thee, to prove thee |
| Dt 8.5 | 4QDeutj | so the Lord thy God will chasten thee | so Jehovah thy God chasteneth thee |
| Dt 8.7 | 4QDeutf | For the Lord thy God will bring thee into a good and extensive land | For Jehovah thy God bringeth thee into a good land |
| Dt 8.8 | 4QDeutn | vines, figs | vines andfig-trees |
| Dt 8.9 | 4QDeutf, 4QDeutn | a land on which thou shalt not eat thy bread with poverty, andthou shalt not want any thing upon it |
a land wherein thou shalt eat bread without scarceness, thou shalt not lack anything in it |
| Dt 8.12 | 5QDeutcorr | and dwelt in them | and dwelt therein |
| Dt 8.19 | 5QDeutcorr | I call heaven and earth to witness against you this day, that ye shall surely perish | I testify against you this day that ye shall surely perish |
| Dt 10.10 | 2QDeutc | the Lord heard me at that time also,andthe Lord would not destroy you |
Jehovah hearkened unto me that time also; Jehovah would not destroy thee |
| Dt 11.7 | 4QDeutj, 4QDeutk1 | all the mighty worksof the Lord |
all the great workof Jehovah |
| Dt 11.8 | 4QDeutk1 | that ye may live, and be multiplied, and that ye may go in and inherit the land, into which ye go across Jordanto inherit it |
that ye may be strong, and go in and possess the land, whither ye go over to possess it |
| Dt 11.10 | 4QDeutk1 | For the land into whichyegoest to inherit it, is not as the land of Egypt, whence ye came out, whensoever they sow the seed, and water it with theirfeet, as a garden of herbs |
For the land, whitherthougoest in to possess it, is not as the land of Egypt, from whence ye came out, where thou sowedst thy seed, and wateredst it with thyfoot, as a garden of herbs |
| Dt 12.1 | 4QpaleoDeutr | And these are the ordinances | These are the statutes |
| Dr 12.19 | 4QDeutc | all the time that thou livest upontheearth |
as long as thou livest inthyland |
| Dt 13.3 | 1QDeuta | ye shall not hearken | thou shalt not hearken |
| Dt 13.6 | 4QDeutc | And if thy brother by thyfather or mother |
If thy brother, the son of thy mother |
| Dt 13.8 | 11QDeut | shall not sparehim |
neither shalt thou spare |
| Dt 13.18 | 4QpaleoDeutr | to do that which is good and pleasing before the Lord thy God | to do that which is right in the eyes of Jehovah thy God |
| Dt 15.15 | 1QDeutb | therefore I charge theeto do this thing |
therefore I command thee this thing to-day |
| Dt 16.8 | 4QDeutc | thou shalt not do in it any work | thou shalt do no worktherein |
| Dt 20.1 | 4QDeutf | and a people | and a people |
| Dt 20.17 | 4QDeutk2 | Pherezite, andthe Evite |
Perizzite, the Hivite |
| Dt 23.13 | 4QpaleoDeutr | thou shalt dig with it, and shaltbring back |
thou shalt dig therewith, and shaltturn back |
| Dt 24.2 | 4QDeuta | And if she should go | And when she is departed out of his house, she may go |
| Dt 24.5 | 4QDeuta | neither shall any thing belaid upon him |
neither shall he becharged with any business |
| Dt 26.19 | 4QDeutc | renowned, and a boast | in praise, and in name |
| Dt 27.26 | 4QDeutc | and all the people shall say (plural) | And all the people shallsay (singular) |
| Dt 30.11 | 4QDeutb | neither is it farfrom thee |
neither is it far off |
| Dt 30.14 | 4QDeutb | in thy mouth, and in thine heart,and in thine hands to do it | in thy mouth, and in thy heart, that thou mayest do it |
| Dt 31.1 | 1QDeutb | And Moses finished speaking all | And Moses went and spake |
| Dt 31.5 | 1QDeutb | And the Lord has delivered them toyou (plural) |
And Jehovah will deliver them up beforeyou (singular) |
| Dt 31.9 | 4QDeuth | And Moses wrote the words of this lawin a book, and gave it |
And Moses wrote this law, and delivered it |
| Dt 31.11 | 4QDeutb | ye shall read this law | thou shalt read this law |
| Dt 31.16 | 4QDeutc | and theywillforsakeme, and breakmy covenant |
and will forsake (singular) me, and break (singular)my covenant |
| Dt 31.17 | 4QDeutc | they shall say in that day, Because the Lord my God is not with me, these evils have come upon me. | he will say in that day, Are not these evils come upon us because our God is not among us? |
| Dt 31.18 | 4QDeutc | And I will surely turn away my face from them in that day | And I will surely hide my face in that day |
| Dt 31.19 | 4QDeutc | now write the words of this song | Now therefore write ye this song |
| Dt 31.28 | 4QDeutb | Gather together to me the heads of your tribes, and your elders, and your judges, and your officers | Assemble unto me all the elders of your tribes, and your officers |
| Dt 32.8 | 4QDeutj | the number of the angels of God | the number of the children of Israel |
| Dt 32.37 | 4QDeutq | and the Lordsaid, Where are their gods |
And hewill say, Where are their gods |
| Dt 32.37 | 4QDeutq | on whomthey trusted |
in whichthey took refuge |
| Dt 32.43 | 4QDeutq | Rejoice, ye heavens, with him, and let all the angels of God worship him; rejoice ye Gentiles, with his people, and let all the sons of God strengthen themselves in him[4QDeutq has “and bow down to him all you gods,” which merges the last two items underlined in the LXX]]; for he will avenge the blood of his sons, and he will render vengeance,and recompense justice to his enemies, and will reward them that hate him; and the Lord shall purgethe land of his people |
Rejoice, O ye nations, with his people: For he will avenge the blood of his servants, And will render vengeance to his adversaries, And will make expiation forhis land, for his people |
| Dt 34.6 | 4QDeutl | And they buried him | And he buried him |
| The following table displays some of the more noteworthy Septuagint-Dead Sea Scrolls alignments in the remainder of the Bible. |
| 1 Sam 2.9 | 4QSama | granting his petition to him that prays; and he blesses the years of the righteous | Not in MT. |
| 1 Sam 2.22 | 4QSama | he heard what his sons did to the children of Israel | he heard all that his sons did unto all Israel, and how that they lay with the women that did service at the door of the tent of meeting |
| 1 Sam 2.33 | 4QSama | thy house shall fall by the sword of men | thy house shall die in the flower of their age |
| 1 Sam 11.8 | 4QSama | and the men of Juda seventy thousand | and the men of Judah thirty thousand |
| 1 Sam 17.4 | 4QSama | Goliath, by name, out of Geth, his height was four cubits and a span |
named Goliath, of Gath, whose height was six cubits and a span |
| 2 Sam 4.2 | 4QSama | And Jebosthe [4QSama has Mephibosheth] the son of Saul | And Saul’s son |
| 2 Sam 8.7 | 4QSama | And David took the golden bracelets which were on the servants of Adraazar king of Suba, and brought them to Jerusalem. And Susakim king of Egypt took them, when he went up to Jerusalem in the days of Roboam son of Solomon | And David took the shields of gold that were on the servants of Hadadezer, and brought them to Jerusalem |
| Ps 17.11 | 11QPsc | They have now cast me out and compassed me round about: they have set their eyes so as to bow them down to the ground. | They have now compassed us in our steps; They set their eyes to cast us down to the earth. |
| Ps 22.16 | 5/6HevPs | the assembly of the wicked doers has beset me round: they pierced my hands and my feet. | A company of evil-doers have inclosed me; Like a lion are my hands and feet [or, My hands and feet are shriveled – the meaning of the Masoretic Hebrew is uncertain] |
| Ps 30.10 | 4QPsr | The Lord heard, and had compassion upon me; the Lord is become my helper. | Hear, O Jehovah, and have mercy upon me: Jehovah, be thou my helper. |
| Ps 49.12 | 4QPsc | And man being in honour, understands not: he is compared to the senseless cattle, and is like to them. | But man being in honor abideth not: He is like the beasts that perish. |
| Ps 71.6 | 4QPsa | from the belly of my mother thou art my protector | Thou art he that took me out of my mother’s bowels |
| Ps 118.8 | 4QPsb | It is better to trust in the Lord than to trust in man. | It is better to take refuge in Jehovah Than to put confidence in man. |
| Ps 119.119 | 11QPsa | I have reckoned [11QPsa, discount] all the sinners of the earth as transgressors | Thou puttest away all the wicked of the earth like dross |
| Ps 126.1 | 4QPse | When the Lord turned the captivity of Sion | When Jehovah brought back those that returned to Zion |
| Ps 138.1 | 11QPsa | I will give thee thanks, O Lord, with my whole heart | I will give thee thanks with my whole heart |
| Ps 145.5 | 11QPsa | And they shall speak of the glorious majesty of thy holiness | Of the glorious majesty of thine honor |
| Ps 145.13 | 11QPsa | thy dominion endures through all generations. The Lord is faithful in his words, and holy in all his works. [This is an acrostic psalm. The additional line is required to fill the gap between the verse for the Hebrew letter nun (verse 13) and the samek verse (14). With this addition, the psalm has 22 verses, one for each letter in the Hebrew alphabet.] | thy dominion endureth throughout all generations. |
| Prov 14.34 | 4QProvb | Righteousness exalts a nation: but sins diminish tribes. | Righteousness exalteth a nation; But sin is a reproach to any people. |
| Is 61.1-2 | 1QIsaa, 1QIsab | The Spirit of the Lord is upon me | The Spirit of the Lord Jehovah is upon me |
| Is 65.1 | 1QIsaa | I became manifest to them that asked not for me | I am inquired of by them that asked not for me |
| Jer 10.6-8, 10 | 4QJerb | Not in LXX or 4QJerb | There is none like unto thee, O Jehovah; thou art great, and thy name is great in might. Who should not fear thee, O King of the nations? for to thee doth it appertain; forasmuch as among all the wise men of the nations, and in all their royal estate, there is none like unto thee. But they are together brutish and foolish: the instruction of idols! it is but a stock. …But Jehovah is the true God; he is the living God, and an everlasting King: at his wrath the earth trembleth, and the nations are not able to abide his indignation. |
| Lam 1.13 | 4QLam | He has sent fire from his lofty habitation, he has brought it down into my bones | From on high hath he sent fire into my bones, and it prevaileth against them |
| Lam 1.17 | 4QLam | Jerusalem has become among them as a removed woman | Jerusalem is among them as an unclean thing |
| Dan 2.20 | 4QDana | the name of the great Lord will be blessed | Blessed be the name of God |
| Dan 2.28 | 4QDana | Nabuchodonosor what things must come to pass in the last days. O king, may you live forever, thy dream, and the vision of thy head upon thy bed, are as follows | Nebuchadnezzar what shall be in the latter days. Thy dream, and the visions of thy head upon thy bed, are these |
| Dan 2.31 | 4QDana | that image was very great, and the appearance of it excellent | This image, which was mighty, and whose brightness was excellent |
| Dan 5.7 | 4QDana | the king shouted in a great voice to call in the enchanters,magicians, Chaldeans, and soothsayers | The king cried aloud to bring in the enchanters, the Chaldeans, and the soothsayers |
| Dan 8.4 | 4QDana | I saw the ram butting to the east, and to the north, and to the west and south | I saw the ram pushing westward, and northward, and southward |
| Joel 1.17 | 4QXIIc | The heifers have started at their mangers | The seeds rot under their clods |
| Zech 10.12 | 4QXIIg | And I will strengthen them in the Lord their God; and they shall boast in his name, saith the Lord | And I will strengthen them in Jehovah; and they shall walk up and down in his name, saith Jehovah |
| Mal 2.16 | 4QXIIa | But if thou shouldest hate thy wife and put her away, saith the Lord God of Israel | For I hate putting away, saith Jehovah, the God of Israel |
| The table below is not comprehensive: a great many less significant differences have not been noted. Many of these involve pronouns (such as 16.8, where the LXX reads “the angel of the Lord” and the Masoretic text simply has “he”). However, I have attempted to note all differences involving the names or titles of deity, since these are sometimes used as clues to authorship. Sometimes a minor difference will be noted once, then ignored throughout the remainder of the section or chapter.The Septuagint translation is based on Brenton’s work, but has been corrected in the direction of Rahlfs’ text. The 1901 American Standard Version is the principal source for the “From the Hebrew” column.
Bold chapter.verse numbers indicate discrepancies I found particularly interesting. |
| From the Septuagint | From the Hebrew | |
| 1.2 | But the earth was invisible and unfinished, and darkness was over the abyss, and the Spirit of God moved over the water. | And the earth was waste and void; and darkness was upon the face of the deep: and the Spirit of God moved upon the face of the waters. |
| 1.8 | And God called the firmament Heaven, and God saw that it was good, and there was evening and there was morning, the second day. | And God called the firmament Heaven. And there was evening and there was morning, a second day. |
| 1.9 | And God said, “Let the water which is under the heaven be collected into one place, and let the dry land appear.” And it was so. And the water which was under the heaven was collected into its places, and the dry land appeared. | And God said, Let the waters under the heavens be gathered together unto one place, and let the dry land appear: and it was so. |
| 1.11 | And God said, “Let the earth bring forth the herb of grass bearing seed after his kind and after his likeness, and the fruit tree bearing fruit whose seed is in it, after his kind, upon the earth.” And it was so. | And God said, Let the earth put forth grass, herbs yielding seed, and fruit-trees bearing fruit after their kind, wherein is the seed thereof, upon the earth: and it was so. |
| 1.12 | And the earth brought forth the herb of grass bearing seed after his kindand after his likeness, and the fruit tree bearing fruit whose seed is in it, after his kind, upon the earth, and God saw that it was good. | And the earth brought forth grass, herbs yielding seed after their kind, and trees bearing fruit, wherein is the seed thereof, after their kind: and God saw that it was good. |
| 1.14 | And God said, “Let there be lights in the firmament of the heaven to give light upon the earth, to divide between day and night, and let them be for signs and for seasons and for days and for years. | And God said, Let there be lights in the firmament of heaven to divide the day from the night; and let them be for signs, and for seasons, and for days and years: |
| 1.20 | And God said, “Let the waters bring forth moving creatures having life, and winged creatures flying above the earth in the firmament of heaven.”And it was so. | And God said, Let the waters swarm with swarms of living creatures, and let birds fly above the earth in the open firmament of heaven. |
| 1.27 | And God made man, after the image of God he made him, male and female he made them. | And God created man in his own image, in the image of God created he him; male and female created he them. |
| 1.28 | And God blessed them, saying, “Increase and multiply, and fill the earth and subdue it, and have dominion over the fish of the seas and the flying creatures of the heaven, and all the cattle and all the earth, and all the creeping things that creep upon the earth. | And God blessed them: and God said unto them, Be fruitful, and multiply, and replenish the earth, and subdue it; and have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the birds of the heavens, and over every living thing that moveth upon the earth. |
| 1.30 | And to all the wild beasts of the earth, and to all the flying creatures of the heaven, and to every creeping thing that creepeth upon the earth, which hath in itself the breath of life, I have given every green plant for food.” And it was so. | and to every beast of the earth, and to every bird of the heavens, and to everything that creepeth upon the earth, wherein there is life, I have givenevery green herb for food: and it was so. |
| 2.2 | And on the sixth day God finished his works which he made, and he did rest on the seventh day from all his works which he made. | And on the seventh day God finished his work which he had made; and he rested on the seventh day from all his work which he had made. |
| 2.3 | And God blessed the seventh day, and sanctified it: because in it he ceased from all his works which God began to do. | And God blessed the seventh day, and sanctified it: because that in it he had rested from all his work which God created and made. |
| 2.4 | This is the book of the genesis of heaven and earth, when they were made, in the day in which God made the heaven and the earth | These are the generations of the heavens and of the earth when they were created, in the day that Yahweh God made earth and heaven. |
| 2.5 | and every herb of the field before it was upon the earth, and all the grass of the field before it sprang up, for God had not rained upon the earth, and there was not a man to work the ground. | And no plant of the field was yet in the earth, and no herb of the field had yet sprung up; for Yahweh God had not caused it to rain upon the earth: and there was not a man to till the ground |
| 2.6 | But there rose a fountain out of the earth, and watered the whole face of the ground. | but there went up a mist from the earth, and watered the whole face of the ground. |
| 2.7 | And God formed the man of dust of the earth, and breathed upon his face the breath of life, and the man became a living soul. | And Yahweh God formed man of the dust of the ground, and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life; and man became a living soul. |
| 2.8 | And God planted a paradise eastward, in Edem, and placed there the man whom he had formed. | And Yahweh God planted a garden eastward, in Eden; and there he put the man whom he had formed. |
| 2.9 | And God made to spring up also out of the earth every tree beautiful to the eye and good for food, and the tree of life in the midst of the paradise, and the tree of learning the knowledge of good and evil. | And out of the ground made Yahweh God to grow every tree that is pleasant to the sight, and good for food; the tree of life also in the midst of the garden, and the tree of the knowledge of good and evil. |
| 2.12 | And the gold of that land is good, there also is carbuncle and the trading stone. | and the gold of that land is good: there is bdellium and the onyx stone. |
| 2.14 | And the third river is Tigris, this is that which floweth forth over against the Assyrians | And the name of the third river is Hiddekel: that is it which goeth in front of Assyria. |
| 2.15 | And the Lord God took the man whom he had formed, and placed him in the paradise, to work and keep it. | And Yahweh God took the man, and put him into the garden of Eden to dress it and to keep it. |
| 2.17 | but of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil –of it ye shall not eat, but in whatsoever day ye eat thereof ye shall surely die. | but of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, thou shalt not eat of it: for in the day that thou eatest thereof thou shalt surely die. |
| 2.21 | And God brought a trance upon Adam, and he slept: and he took one of his ribs, and filled up the flesh instead thereof. | And Yahweh God caused a deep sleep to fall upon the man, and he slept; and he took one of his ribs, and closed up the flesh instead thereof: |
| 2.23 | And Adam said, “This now is bone of my bones, and flesh of my flesh; she shall be called woman, because she was taken out of her man.” | And the man said, This is now bone of my bones, and flesh of my flesh: she shall be called Woman, because she was taken out of Man. |
| 3.6 | And the woman saw that the tree was good for food, and that it was pleasant to the eyes to look upon and beautiful to contemplate, she took of the fruit thereof, and did eat, and gave unto her husband also with her; andthey ate. | And when the woman saw that the tree was good for food, and that it was a delight to the eyes, and that the tree was to be desired to make one wise, she took of the fruit thereof, and did eat; and she gave also unto her husband with her, and he did eat. |
| 3.10 | And he said unto him, “I heard thy voice as thou walkedst in the paradise, and I feared, because I am naked; and I hid myself.” | And he said, I heard thy voice in the garden, and I was afraid, because I was naked; and I hid myself. |
| 3.11 | And God said unto him, “Who told thee that thou wast naked, unless thou hast eaten of the tree concerning which I charged thee of it only not to eat?” | And he said, Who told thee that thou wast naked? Hast thou eaten of the tree, whereof I commanded thee that thou shouldest not eat? |
| 3.14 | And the Lord God said unto the serpent, “Because thou hast done this thou art cursed above all cattle and all the beasts of the earth; upon thy breast and belly thou shalt go, and earth thou shalt eat all the days of thy life. | And Yahweh God said unto the serpent, Because thou hast done this, cursed art thou above all cattle, and above every beast of the field; upon thy belly shalt thou go, and dust shalt thou eat all the days of thy life: |
| 3.15 | And I will put enmity between thee and the woman, and between thy seed and her seed, he shall watch against thy head, and thou shalt watch againsthis heel. | and I will put enmity between thee and the woman, and between thy seed and her seed: he shall bruise thy head, and thou shalt bruise his heel. |
| 3.16 | And unto the woman he said, “I will greatly multiply thy pains and thygroanings; in pain thou shalt bring forth children, and thy recourse shall be to thy husband, and he shall rule over thee.” | Unto the woman he said, I will greatly multiply thy pain and thyconception; in pain thou shalt bring forth children; and thy desire shall be to thy husband, and he shall rule over thee. |
| 3.17 | And unto Adam he said, “Because thou hast hearkened unto the voice of thy wife, and eaten of the tree concerning which I charged thee of it onlynot to eat: cursed is the ground in thy labours, in pain shalt thou eat of it all the days of thy life. | And unto Adam he said, Because thou hast hearkened unto the voice of thy wife, and hast eaten of the tree, of which I commanded thee, saying, Thou shalt not eat of it: cursed is the ground for thy sake; in toil shalt thou eat of it all the days of thy life; |
| 3.22 | And God said, “Behold, Adam is become as one of us, to know good and evil: and now, lest at any time he stretch forth his hand, and take of the tree of life and eat, and so he shall live for ever –“ | And Yahweh God said, Behold, the man is become as one of us, to know good and evil; and now, lest he put forth his hand, and take also of the tree of life, and eat, and live for ever— |
| 3.24 | And he cast out Adam and caused him to dwell over against the paradise of delight, and stationed the cherubim, and the fiery sword that turns about, to keep the way of the tree of life. | So he drove out the man; and he placed at the east of the garden of Eden the Cherubim, and the flame of a sword which turned every way, to keep the way of the tree of life. |
| 4.1 | “I have gained a man through God.” | I have gotten a man with the help of Yahweh. |
| 4.4 | And Abel also brought of the first born of his sheep and of their fatlings. And God looked upon Abel and his gifts: | And Abel, he also brought of the firstlings of his flock and of the fat thereof. And Yahweh had respect unto Abel and to his offering: |
| 4.5-6 | but Cain and his sacrifices he regarded not, and Cain was exceedinglysorrowful and his countenance fell. And the Lord God said unto Cain, “Why art thou become very sorrowful and why is thy countenance fallen? | but unto Cain and to his offering he had not respect. And Cain was verywroth, and his countenance fell. And Yahweh said unto Cain, Why art thouwroth? and why is thy countenance fallen? |
| 4.7 | Hast thou not sinned if thou hast brought it rightly, but not rightly divided it? be still, unto thee shall be his recourse, and thou shalt rule over him.” | If thou doest well, shall it not be lifted up? and if thou doest not well, sin coucheth at the door; and unto thee shall be its desire; but do thou rule over it. |
| 4.8 | And Cain said unto Abel his brother, “Let us go out into the field.” And it came to pass when they were in the field, that Cain rose up against Abel his brother, and slew him. | And Cain told Abel his brother. And it came to pass, when they were in the field, that Cain rose up against Abel his brother, and slew him. |
| 4.9-10 | And God said unto Cain, “Where is Abel thy brother?” And he said, “I know not; am I my brother’s keeper?” And God said, “What hast thou done? the voice of thy brother’s blood crieth unto me out of the ground. | And Yahweh said unto Cain, Where is Abel thy brother? And he said, I know not: am I my brother’s keeper? And he said, What hast thou done? the voice of thy brother’s blood crieth unto me from the ground. |
| 4.12 | When thou tillest the earth, then it shall not continue to give unto thee her strength: groaning and trembling shalt thou be on the earth.” | when thou tillest the ground, it shall not henceforth yield unto thee its strength; a fugitive and a wanderer shalt thou be in the earth. |
| 4.13 | And Cain said unto the Lord, “My crime is too great for me to be forgiven. | And Cain said unto Yahweh, My punishment is greater than I can bear. |
| 4.15 | And the Lord God said unto him | And Yahweh said unto him |
| 4.16 | So Cain went forth from the presence of God and dwelt in the land of Naidover against Edem. | And Cain went out from the presence of Yahweh, and dwelt in the land of Nod, on the east of Eden. |
| 4.21 | And the name of his brother was Jubal; he it was who invented the psaltery and kithara. | And his brother’s name was Jubal: he was the father of all such as handle the harp and pipe. |
| 4.23 | And Lamech said unto his wives, Ada and Sella, “Hear my voice, ye wives of Lamech, hearken unto my words, for I have slain a man to my sorrowand a youth to my grief. | And Lamech said unto his wives: Adah and Zillah, hear my voice; ye wives of Lamech, hearken unto my speech: for I have slain a man for wounding me, and a young man for bruising me: |
| 5.1 | This is the book of the generations of men. In the day in which God made Adam, in the image of God he made him; | This is the book of the generations of Adam. In the day that God created man, in the likeness of God made he him |
| 5.3 | And Adam lived two hundred and thirty years, and begat a son after his own form, and after his own image, and he called his name Seth. | And Adam lived a hundred and thirty years, and begat a son in his own likeness, after his image; and called his name Seth: |
| 5.4 | And the days of Adam after he begat Seth were seven hundred years; and he begat sons and daughters. | and the days of Adam after he begat Seth were eight hundred years: and he begat sons and daughters. |
| 5.6 | Now Seth lived two hundred and five years, and begat Enos. | And Seth lived a hundred and five years, and begat Enosh: |
| 5.7 | And Seth lived after he begat Enos, seven hundred and seven years, and he begat sons and daughters. | and Seth lived after he begat Enosh eight hundred and seven years, and begat sons and daughters: |
| 5.9 | And Enos lived an hundred and ninety years, and begat Cainan. | And Enosh lived ninety years, and begat Kenan: |
| 5.10 | And Enos lived after he begat Cainan, seven hundred and fifteen years, and he begat sons and daughters. | and Enosh lived after he begat Kenan eight hundred and fifteen years, and begat sons and daughters: |
| 5.12 | And Cainan lived an hundred and seventy years, and he begat Maleleel. | And Kenan lived seventy years, and begat Mahalalel: |
| 5.13 | And Cainan lived after he begat Maleleel, seven hundred and forty years, and he begat sons and daughters. | and Kenan lived after he begat Mahalalel eight hundred and forty years, and begat sons and daughters: |
| 5.15 | And Maleleel lived an hundred and sixty and five years, and he begat Jared. | And Mahalalel lived sixty and five years, and begat Jared: |
| 5.16 | And Maleleel lived after he begat Jared, seven hundred and thirty years, and he begat sons and daughters. | And Mahalalel lived after he begat Jared eight hundred and thirty years, and begat sons and daughters: |
| 5.21 | And Enoch lived an hundred and sixty and five years, and begat Mathusala. | And Enoch lived sixty and five years, and begat Methuselah: |
| 5.22 | And Enoch was well-pleasing to God after he begat Mathusala, two hundred years, and he begat sons and daughters. | and Enoch walked with God after he begat Methuselah three hundred years, and begat sons and daughters: |
| 5.24 | And Enoch was well-pleasing to God: and he was not found, for Godtranslated him. | and Enoch walked with God: and he was not; for God took him. |
| 5.25 | And Mathusala lived an hundred and sixty and seven years, and begat Lamech. | And Methuselah lived a hundred eighty and seven years, and begat Lamech: |
| 5.26 | And Mathusala lived after he begat Lamech eight hundred and two years, and begat sons and daughters. | and Methuselah lived after he begat Lamech seven hundred eighty and two years, and begat sons and daughters: |
| 5.28 | And Lamech lived an hundred and eighty and eight years, and begat a son. | And Lamech lived a hundred eighty and two years, and begat a son: |
| 5.29 | And he called his name Noah, saying, “This one shall cause us to cease from our works, and from the toils of our hands, and from the earth, which the Lord God hath cursed.” | and he called his name Noah, saying, This same shall comfort us in our work and in the toil of our hands, which cometh because of the groundwhich Yahweh hath cursed. |
| 5.30 | And Lamech lived after he begat Noah, five hundred and sixty and five years, and begat sons and daughters. | And Lamech lived after he begat Noah five hundred ninety and five years, and begat sons and daughters: |
| 5.31 | And all the days of Lamech were seven hundred and fifty and three years, and he died. | And all the days of Lamech were seven hundred seventy and seven years: and he died. |
| 6.3 | And the Lord God said, “My Spirit shall certainly not remain among these men for ever, because they are flesh, but their days shall be an hundred and twenty years.” | And Yahweh said, My Spirit shall not strive with man for ever, for that he also is flesh: yet shall his days be a hundred and twenty years. |
| 6.4 | Now the giants were upon the earth in those days and after that, when the sons of God were wont to go in unto the daughters of men and they bare children to them: those were the giants of old, the men of renown. | The Nephilim were in the earth in those days, and also after that, when the sons of God came in unto the daughters of men, and they bare children to them: the same were the mighty men that were of old, the men of renown. |
| 6.6 | And God laid it to heart that he had made man upon the earth, and he pondered itdeeply. | And it repented Yahweh that he had made man on the earth, and it grieved him at his heart. |
| 6.7 | And God said, “I will blot out man whom I have made from the face of the earth, from man to cattle, and from creeping things to flying creatures of the heaven; for I am wroth that I have made them.” | And Yahweh said, I will destroy man whom I have created from the face of the ground; both man, and beast, and creeping things, and birds of the heavens; for it repenteth me that I have made them. |
| 6.8 | But Noah found grace in the eyes of the Lord God. | But Noah found favor in the eyes of Yahweh. |
| 6.9 | And these are the generations of Noah: Noah was a righteous man; being perfect in his generation, Noah was well-pleasing to God. | These are the generations of Noah. Noah was a righteous man, and perfect in his generations: Noah walked with God. |
| 6.12 | And the Lord God saw the earth, and it was corrupted; for all flesh had corrupted his way upon the earth. | And God saw the earth, and, behold, it was corrupt; for all flesh had corrupted their way upon the earth. |
| 6.13 | And God said unto Noah, “The time of every man is come before me; for the earth hath been filled with iniquity by them; and, behold, I destroy them and the earth. | And God said unto Noah, The end of all flesh is come before me; for the earth is filled with violence through them; and, behold, I will destroy them with the earth. |
| 6.14 | Make therefore for thyself an ark of square timber; thou shalt make the ark in compartments, and shalt pitch it within and without with pitch. | Make thee an ark of gopher wood; rooms shalt thou make in the ark, and shalt pitch it within and without with pitch. |
| 6.16 | Thou shalt narrow the ark in making it, and in a cubit above thou shalt finish it, and the door of the ark thou shalt make on the side; with lower, second, and third stories thou shalt make it. | A window shalt thou make to the ark, and to a cubit shalt thou finish it upward; and the door of the ark shalt thou set in the side thereof; with lower, second, and third stories shalt thou make it. |
| 6.19 | And of all cattle and of all creeping things and of all wild beasts, even of all flesh, thou shalt bring by pairs of all, into the ark, that thou mayest feed them with thyself: male and female they shall be. | And of every living thing of all flesh, two of every sort shalt thou bringinto the ark, to keep them alive with thee; they shall be male and female. |
| 7.1 | And the Lord God said unto Noah, “Enter thou and all thy family into the ark; for thee have I seen righteous before me in this generation. | And Yahweh said unto Noah, Come thou and all thy house into the ark; for thee have I seen righteous before me in this generation. |
| 7.3 | And of clean flying creatures of heaven by sevens, male and female; and of all unclean flying creatures by pairs, male and female, to maintain seed on all the earth. | of the birds also of the heavens, seven and seven, male and female, to keep seed alive upon the face of all the earth. |
| 7.5 | And Noah did all things whatever the Lord God commanded him. | And Noah did according unto all that Yahweh commanded him. |
| 7.8 | And of clean flying creatures, and of the clean cattle, and of unclean cattle, and of all things that creep upon the earth, | Of clean beasts, and of beasts that are not clean, and of birds, and of everything that creepeth upon the ground, |
| 7.11 | In the six hundredth year of the life of Noah, in the second month, on theseven and twentieth day of the month, … | In the six hundredth year of Noah’s life, in the second month, on theseventeenth day of the month, … |
| 7.14 | and all the wild beasts after their kind, and all cattle after their kind, and every creeping thing that moved itself on the earth after his kind, and every flying creature after his kind | they, and every beast after its kind, and all the cattle after their kind, and every creeping thing that creepeth upon the earth after its kind, and every bird after its kind, every bird of every sort. |
| 7.16 | And they that entered went in male and female of all flesh, as God commanded Noah, and the Lord God shut the ark outside of him. | And they that went in, went in male and female of all flesh, as God commanded him: and Yahweh shut him in. |
| 7.22 | and all things which have the breath of life, and whatever was on the dry land, died. | all in whose nostrils was the breath of the spirit of life, of all that was on the dry land, died. |
| 8.1 | And God remembered Noah, and all the wild beasts, and all the cattle, and all the flying creatures, and all the creeping things, as many as were with him in the ark: and God brought a wind upon the earth, and the water stayed; | And God remembered Noah, and all the beasts, and all the cattle that were with him in the ark: and God made a wind to pass over the earth, and the waters assuaged; |
| 8.4 | And the ark rested in the seventh month, on the seven and twentieth day of the month, on the mountains of Ararat. | And the ark rested in the seventh month, on the seventeenth day of the month, upon the mountains of Ararat. |
| 8.7 | And he sent forth the raven to see if the water had ceased; and it went forthand returned not until the water was dried from off the earth. | and he sent forth a raven, and it went forth to and fro, until the waters were dried up from off the earth. |
| 8.11 | And the dove returned to him in the evening, and had a leaf of olive, a sprig in her mouth: so Noah knew that the water had ceased from off the earth. | and the dove came in to him at eventide; and, lo, in her mouth an olive-leaf plucked off: so Noah knew that the waters were abated from off the earth |
| 8.13 | And it came to pass in the six hundred and first year of the life of Noah, in the first month, on the first day of the month, the water subsided from off the earth: and Noah opened the covering of the ark which he had made, and he saw that the water had subsided from the face of the earth. | And it came to pass in the six hundred and first year, in the first month, the first day of the month, the waters were dried up from off the earth: and Noah removed the covering of the ark, and looked, and, behold, the face of the ground was dried. |
| 8.15 | And the Lord God spake unto Noah, saying, | And God spake unto Noah, saying, |
| 8.17 | And bing forth with thee all the wild beasts, as many as are with thee, and all flesh, both of flying creatures, and of cattle, and every creeping thing that moveth upon the earth: and increase ye and multiply upon the earth.” | Bring forth with thee every living thing that is with thee of all flesh, both birds, and cattle, and every creeping thing that creepeth upon the earth;that they may breed abundantly in the earth, and be fruitful, and multiplyupon the earth. |
| 8.21 | And the Lord God smelled a sweet savour; and the Lord God considered, and said, “I will not any more curse the earth, because of the works of men; for the imagination of man is intently bent upon evil things from his youth; I will not therefore any more smite all living flesh, as I have done. | And Yahweh smelled the sweet savor; and Yahweh said in his heart, I will not again curse the ground any more for man’s sake, for that the imagination of man’s heart is evil from his youth; neither will I again smite any more everything living, as I have done. |
| 8.22 | All the days of the earth, seedtime and harvest, cold and heat, summer andspring, day and night, shall not cease.” | While the earth remaineth, seedtime and harvest, and cold and heat, and summer and winter, and day and night shall not cease. |
| 9.1 | And God blessed Noah and his sons, and said unto them, “Increase and multiply, and fill the earth, and have dominion over it. | And God blessed Noah and his sons, and said unto them, Be fruitful, and multiply, and replenish the earth. |
| 9.10 | and with every living creature with you, of birds, and of cattle, and with all the wild beasts of the earth, as many as are with you, of all that come out of the ark. | and with every living creature that is with you, the birds, the cattle, and every beast of the earth with you; of all that go out of the ark, even every beast of the earth. |
| 9.12 | And the Lord God said unto Noah, … | And God said, … |
| 10.8 | And Chus begat Nebrod: he began to be a giant upon the earth. | And Cush begat Nimrod: he began to be a mighty one in the earth. |
| 10.9 | He was a giant hunter before the Lord God; therefore they say, “As Nebrod the giant hunter before the Lord.” | He was a mighty hunter before the LORD: wherefore it is said, Even as Nimrod the mighty hunter before the LORD. |
| 10.22 | The sons of Sem: Elam, and Assur, and Arphaxad, and Lud, and Aram,and Cainan. | The children of Shem; Elam, and Asshur, and Arphaxad, and Lud, and Aram. |
| 10.24 | And Arphaxad begat Cainan, and Cainan begat Sala. And Sala begat Heber. | And Arphaxad begat Salah; and Salah begat Eber. |
| 10.28 | and Abimael, and Saba, | And Obal, and Abimael, and Sheba, |
| 10.32 | These are the tribes of the sons of Noah, after their generations, after their nations: of them were the islands of the Gentiles scattered over the earth after the flood. | These are the families of the sons of Noah, after their generations, in their nations: and by these were the nations divided in the earth after the flood. |
| 11.3 | And a man said unto his neighbour, “Come, let us make bricks and bake them with fire.” So brick became their stone, and asphalt was their mortar. | And they said one to another, Go to, let us make brick, and burn them throughly. And they had brick for stone, and slime had they for morter. |
| 11.8 | So the Lord scattered them thence over the face of all the earth, and they left off building the city and the tower. | So Yahweh scattered them abroad from thence upon the face of all the earth: and they left off to build the city. |
| 11.9 | Therefore was the name of it called Confusion; because there the Lord confounded the lips of all the earth: and from thence the Lord Godscattered them upon the face of all the earth. | Therefore is the name of it called Babel; because Yahweh did there confound the language of all the earth: and from thence did Yahweh scatter them abroad upon the face of all the earth. |
| 11.11 | And Sem lived after he had begotten Arphaxad five hundred years, and begat sons and daughters, and died. [This clause is omitted in the Hebrew version of verses 15, 17, 19, 21, 23 and 25.] | And Shem lived after he begat Arphaxad five hundred years, and begat sons and daughters. |
| 11.12 | And Arphaxad lived an hundred and five and thirty years, and begatCainan. [See Luke 3.36] | And Arphaxad lived five and thirty years, and begat Salah: |
| 11.13 | and Arphaxad lived after he had begotten Cainan, four hundred and thirtyyears, and begat sons and daughters, and died. And Cainan lived an hundred and thirty years and begat Sala: and Canaan lived after he had begotten Sala, three hundred and thirty years, and begat sons and daughters, and died. | And Arphaxad lived after he begat Salah four hundred and three years, and begat sons and daughters. |
| 11.14 | And Sala lived an hundred and thirty years, and begat Heber. | And Salah lived thirty years, and begat Eber. |
| 11.15 | and Sala lived after he had begotten Heber, three hundred and thirty years, and begat sons and daughters, and died. | And Salah lived after he begat Eber four hundred and three years, and begat sons and daughters. |
| 11.16 | And Heber lived an hundred and four and thirty years, and begat Phalec | And Eber lived four and thirty years, and begat Peleg |
| 11.17 | and Heber lived after he had begotten Phalec three hundred and seventy years, and begat sons and daughters, and died. | And Eber lived after he begat Peleg four hundred and thirty years, and begat sons and daughters. |
| 11.18 | And Phalec lived an hundred and thirty years, and begat Ragau | And Peleg lived thirty years, and begat Reu |
| 11.20 | And Ragau lived an hundred and two and thirty years, and begat Seruch: | And Reu lived two and thirty years, and begat Serug |
| 11.22 | And Seruch lived an hundred and thirty years, and begat Nachor | And Serug lived thirty years, and begat Nahor |
| 11.24 | And Nachor lived nine and seventy years, and begat Tharrha: | And Nahor lived nine and twenty years, and begat Terah: |
| 11.25 | and Nachor lived after he had begotten Tharrha, an hundred and nine and twenty years, and begat sons and daughters, and died | And Nahor lived after he begat Terah an hundred and nineteen years, and begat sons and daughters |
| 11.28 | And Arrhan died in the presence of his father Tharrha in the land of his nativity, in the country of the Chaldees. | And Haran died before his father Terah in the land of his nativity, in Ur of the Chaldees. |
| 11.32 | And all the days of Tharrha in Charrhan were two hundred and five years: and Tharrha died in Charrhan | And the days of Terah were two hundred and five years: and Terah died in Haran. |
| 12.2 | And I will make thee a great nation, and I will bless thee, and magnify thy name; and thou shalt be blessed | And I will make of thee a great nation, and I will bless thee, and make thy name great; and thou shalt be a blessing |
| 12.6 | And Abram traversed the land lengthwise as far as the place Sychem, to the high oak. | And Abram passed through the land unto the place of Sichem, unto theplain of Moreh. |
| 12.9 | And Abram departed, and went, and encamped in the wilderness. | And Abram journeyed, going on still toward the south. |
| 12.11 | And it came to pass, when Abram drew nigh to enter into Egypt, Abram said unto Sara his wife, “I know that thou art a fair woman. | And it came to pass, when he was come near to enter into Egypt, that he said unto Sarai his wife, Behold now, I know that thou art a fair woman to look upon |
| 12.16 | And they treated Abram well for her sake: and he had sheep, and calves, and asses, and menservants, and maidservants, and mules, and camels. | And he entreated Abram well for her sake: and he had sheep, and oxen, and he asses, and menservants, and maidservants, and she asses, and camels. |
| 12.17 | And God afflicted Pharao and his house with great and severe afflictions, because of Sara Abram’s wife. | And Yahweh plagued Pharaoh and his house with great plagues because of Sarai Abram’s wife. |
| 12.20 | And Pharao commanded his men concerning Abram, to join in escorting him, and his wife, and all that he had, and Lot with him. | And Pharaoh gave men charge concerning him: and they brought him on the way, and his wife, and all that he had. |
| 13.6 | And the land was not large enough for them to live together: for their possessions were great; and they could not dwell together. | And the land was not able to bear them, that they might dwell together: for their substance was great, so that they could not dwell together. |
| 13.11 | And Lot chose for himself all the country round Jordan; and Lot wentfrom the east | So Lot chose him all the Plain of the Jordan; and Lot journeyed east |
| 13.12 | And Abram dwelt in the land of Chanaan, but Lot dwelt in a city of the neighbouring people, and pitched his tent in Sodom | Abram dwelt in the land of Canaan, and Lot dwelt in the cities of the Plain, and moved his tent as far as Sodom |
| 13.13 | But the men of Sodom were wicked and sinners before God exceedingl | Now the men of Sodom were wicked and sinners against Yahwehexceedingly |
| 13.14 | And God said unto Abram, | And Yahweh said unto Abram, |
| 13.16 | And I will make thy seed as the sand of the earth: if any one can number the sand of the earth, then shall thy seed be numbered. | And I will make thy seed as the dust of the earth: so that if a man can number the dust of the earth, then may thy seed also be numbered. |
| 14.3 | All these met with one consent at the salt valley; this is now the salt sea. | All these joined together in the vale of Siddim (the same is the Salt Sea). |
| 14.5 | And in the fourteenth year came Chodollogomor, and the kings that were with him, and cut to pieces the giants in Astaroth Carnain, and strong nations with them, and the Ommaeans in the city Save, | And in the fourteenth year came Chedorlaomer, and the kings that were with him, and smote the Rephaim in Ashteroth-karnaim, and the Zuzim in Ham, and the Emim inShaveh-kiriathaim, |
| 14.6 | and the Chorrhaeans in the mountains of Seir, unto the terebinth tree of Pharan, which is in the desert. | and the Horites in their mount Seir, unto Elparan, which is by the wilderness. |
| 14.7 | And they turned back, and came to the well of judgment (this is Cades), and cut in pieces all the princes of Amalek, and the Amorites dwelling in Asasonthamar. | And they returned, and came to En-mishpat (the same is Kadesh), andsmote all the country of the Amalekites, and also the Amorites, that dwelt in Hazazon-tamar. |
| 14.11 | And they took all the cavalry of Sodom and Gomorrha, and all their provisions, and departed. | And they took all the goods of Sodom and Gomorrah, and all their victuals, and went their way. |
| 14.14 | And when Abram heard that Lot his brother had been taken captive, henumbered his own homeborn servants three hundred and eighteen, and pursued after them unto Dan. | And when Abram heard that his brother was taken captive, he led forth his trained men, born in his house, three hundred and eighteen, and pursued as far as Dan. |
| 14.15 | And he came upon them by night, he and his servants, and smote them, and pursued them as far as Choba, which is on the left hand of Damascus. | And he divided himself against them by night, he and his servants, and smote them, and pursued them unto Hobah, which is on the left hand of Damascus. |
| 14.19 | And he blessed Abram, and said, “Blessed be Abram of the most high God, who created heaven and earth: | And he blessed him, and said, Blessed be Abram of God Most High,possessor of heaven and earth: |
| 14.21 | And the king of Sodom said unto Abram, “Give me the men, and take thehorses to thyself.” | And the king of Sodom said unto Abram, Give me the persons, and take the goods to thyself. |
| 14.22 | And Abram said to the king of Sodom, “I will stretch out my hand to the most high God, who created the heaven and the earth, | And Abram said to the king of Sodom, I have lifted up my hand untoYahweh, God Most High, possessor of heaven and earth, |
| 15.1 | And after these things the word of the Lord came unto Abram in a vision, saying, “Fear not, Abram: I shield thee; thy reward shall be very great.” | After these things the word of Yahweh came unto Abram in a vision, saying, Fear not, Abram: I am thy shield, and thy exceeding great reward. |
| 15.2 | And Abram said, “Master, what wilt thou give me? whereas I am departing without a child, but the son of Masek my homeborn female slave, this Eliezer of Damascus.” | And Abram said, O Lord Yahweh, what wilt thou give me, seeing I go childless, and he that shall be possessor of my house is Eliezer of Damascus? |
| 15.6 | And Abram believed God, and it was counted unto him for righteousness. | And he believed in Yahweh; and he reckoned it to him for righteousness. |
| 15.7 | And he said unto him, “I am God, who brought thee out of the land of the Chaldeans, to give thee this land to inherit it.” | And he said unto him, I am Yahweh that brought thee out of Ur of the Chaldees, to give thee this land to inherit it. |
| 15.8 | And he said, “Master and Lord, whereby shall I know that I shall inherit it?” | And he said, O Lord Yahweh, whereby shall I know that I shall inherit it? |
| 15.11 | And birds came down upon the bodies, even upon the divided parts of them, and Abram sat down by them. | And the birds of prey came down upon the carcasses, and Abram drove them away. |
| 15.13 | And it was said unto Abram, “Thou shalt surely know that thy seed shall be a sojourner in a land not their own, and they shall bring them into bondage, and entreat them evil, and humble them four hundred years. | And he said unto Abram, Know of a surety that thy seed shall be sojourners in a land that is not theirs, and shall serve them; and they shall afflict them four hundred years; |
| 15.17 | And when the sun was setting, there was a flame, and, behold, a smoking furnace, and lamps of fire, which passed between these divided pieces. | And it came to pass, that, when the sun went down, and it was dark, behold, a smoking furnace, and a flaming torch that passed between these pieces. |
| 15.18 | In that day the Lord made a covenant with Abram, saying, “Unto thy seedwill I give this land, from the river of Egypt unto the great river, the river Euphrates. | In that day Yahweh made a covenant with Abram, saying, Unto thy seedhave I given this land, from the river of Egypt unto the great river, the river Euphrates |
| 15.21 | and the Amorites, and the Chananites, and the Evites, and the Gergesites, and the Jebusites.” | and the Amorite, and the Canaanite, and the Girgashite, and the Jebusite. |
| 16.5 | And Sara said unto Abram, “I am injured by thee; I have given my handmaid into thy bosom; and when I saw that she was with child, I was dishonoured before her: God judge between me and thee.” | And Sarai said unto Abram, My wrong be upon thee: I gave my handmaid into thy bosom; and when she saw that she had conceived, I was despised in her eyes: Yahweh judge between me and thee. |
| 16.12 | He shall be a wild man, his hands against all, and the hands of all against him; and he shall dwell in the presence of all his brethren.” | And he shall be as a wild ass among men; his hand shall be against every man, and every man’s hand against him; and he shall dwell over against all his brethren. |
| 16.14 | Therefore she called the well, The well of him whom I have openly seen; behold, it is between Cades and Barad. | Wherefore the well was called Beer-lahai-roi [well of the living one who sees me]; behold, it is between Kadesh and Bered. |
| 17.1 | And Abram was ninety years old and nine, and the Lord appeared to Abram, and said unto him, “I am thy God, be well pleasing before me, and be blameless. | And when Abram was ninety years old and nine, Yahweh appeared to Abram, and said unto him, I am God Almighty; walk before me, and be thou perfect. |
| 17.10 | And this is the covenant, which thou shalt fully keep, between me and you, and thy seed after thee for their generations: every male of you shall be circumcised. | This is my covenant, which ye shall keep, between me and you and thy seed after thee: every male among you shall be circumcised. |
| 17.14 | And the uncircumcised male, who shall not be circumcised in the flesh of his foreskin on the eighth day, that soul shall be utterly destroyed from its family, for he hath broken my covenant.” | And the uncircumcised male who is not circumcised in the flesh of his foreskin, that soul shall be cut off from his people; he hath broken my covenant. |
| 17.16 | And I will bless her, and give thee a son of her; and I will bless him, andhe shall become nations, and kings of nations shall be of him.” | And I will bless her, and moreover I will give thee a son of her: yea, I will bless her, and she shall be a mother of nations; kings of peoples shall be of her. |
| 17.20 | … twelve nations shall he beget, and I will make him a great nation. | … twelve princes shall he beget, and I will make him a great nation. |
| 18.1 | And God appeared to him by the oak of Mambre, as he sat by the door of his tent at midday; | And Yahweh appeared unto him by the oaks of Mamre, as he sat in the tent door in the heat of the day; |
| 18.4 | Let water now be brought, and let them wash your feet, and do ye refresh yourselves under the tree. | let now a little water be fetched, and wash your feet, and rest yourselves under the tree: |
| 18.5 | And I will bring bread, and ye shall eat; and after this ye shall depart on your journey, on account of which ye have turned aside to your servant.” And they said, “So do, as thou hast said.” | and I will fetch a morsel of bread, and strengthen ye your heart; after that ye shall pass on: forasmuch as ye are come to your servant. And they said, So do, as thou hast said. |
| 18.12 | And Sarrha laughed within herself, saying, “The thing hath not as yet happened to me, even until now, and my lord is old.” | And Sarah laughed within herself, saying, After I am waxed old shall I have pleasure, my lord being old also? |
| 18.16 | And the men rose up from thence, and looked toward Sodom and Gomorrha: and Abraham went with them, attending them on their journey. | And the men rose up from thence, and looked toward Sodom: and Abraham went with them to bring them on the way. |
| 18.17 | And the Lord said, “Shall I hide from Abraham my servant what things I do? | And Yahweh said, Shall I hide from Abraham that which I do; |
| 18.23 | And Abraham drew nigh and said, “Wouldest thou destroy the righteous with the wicked? and shall the righteous be as the wicked? | And Abraham drew near, and said, Wilt thou consume the righteous with the wicked? |
| 18.30 | And he said, “Will there be anything against me, Lord, if I shall speak? but if there be found there thirty?” And he said, “I will not destroy it, if I find thirty there.” | And he said, Oh let not the Lord be angry, and I will speak: peradventure there shall thirty be found there. And he said, I will not do it, if I find thirty there. |
| 18.32 | And he said, “Will there be anything against me, Lord, if I speak yet once? but if there should be found there ten?” And he said, “I will not destroy it for the ten’s sake.” | And he said, Oh let not the Lord be angry, and I will speak yet but this once: peradventure ten shall be found there. And he said, I will not destroy it for the ten’s sake. |
| 18.33 | And the Lord departed, when he left off speaking to Abraham: and Abraham returned to his place. | And Yahweh went his way, as soon as he had left off communing withAbraham: and Abraham returned unto his place. |
| 19.2 | And he said, “Lo! my lords, turn aside to the house of your servant, andlodge there, and wash your feet; … | and he said, Behold now, my lords, turn aside, I pray you, into your servant’s house, and tarry all night, and wash your feet, … |
| 19.4 | But before they went to sleep, the men of the city, the Sodomites, compassed the house, both young and old, all the people together: | But before they lay down, the men of the city, even the men of Sodom, compassed the house round, both young and old, all the people from every quarter; |
| 19.5 | and they called out Lot, and said unto him, “Where are the men that went in to thee this night? bring them out unto us that we may be with them.” | and they called unto Lot, and said unto him, Where are the men that came in to thee this night? bring them out unto us, that we may know them. |
| 19.7 | and said unto them, “By no means, brethren, do not act wickedly. | And he said, I pray you, my brethren, do not so wickedly. |
| 19.8 | But I have two daughters, who have not known a man; I will bring them out unto you, and do ye use them as it may please you: only unto these men do no injustice, for therefore came they under the shelter of my roof.” | Behold now, I have two daughters that have not known man; let me, I pray you, bring them out unto you, and do ye to them as is good in your eyes: only unto these men do nothing, forasmuch as they are come under the shadow of my roof. |
| 19.13 | For we are destroying this place, because their cry hath been raised upbefore the Lord; and the Lord hath sent us to destroy it.” | for we will destroy this place, because the cry of them is waxed greatbefore Yahweh; and Yahweh hath sent us to destroy it. |
| 19.15 | But when it was morning, the angels hastened Lot, saying, “Arise, and take thy wife, and thy two daughters whom thou hast, and go forth; lest thou also be destroyed with the iniquities of the city.” | And when the morning arose, then the angels hastened Lot, saying, Arise, take thy wife, and thy two daughters that are here, lest thou be consumed in the iniquity of the city. |
| 19.16 | And they were troubled, and the angels laid hold on his hand, and the hand of his wife, and the hands of his two daughters, in that the Lord spared him. | But he lingered; and the men laid hold upon his hand, and upon the hand of his wife, and upon the hand of his two daughters, Yahweh being merciful unto him: and they brought him forth, and set him without the city. |
| 19.17 | And it came to pass, when they brought them out, that they said, “Save thine own life by all means; look not round to that which is behind, nor stay in all the country round about; escape to the mountain, lest perhaps thou be overtaken together with them.” | And it came to pass, when they had brought them forth abroad, that hesaid, Escape for thy life; look not behind thee, neither stay thou in all the Plain; escape to the mountain, lest thou be consumed. |
| 19.20 | Behold this city is near for me to escape thither, which is a small one;there shall I be preserved (is it not little?), and my soul shall live.” | behold now, this city is near to flee unto, and it is a little one. Oh let me escape thither (is it not a little one?), and my soul shall live. |
| 19.28 | and he looked toward Sodom and Gomorrha, and toward the surrounding country, and saw, and, behold, a flame went up from the earth, as the smoke of a furnace. | and he looked toward Sodom and Gomorrah, and toward all the land of the Plain, and beheld, and, lo, the smoke of the land went up as the smoke of a furnace. |
| 20.2 | And Abraham said of Sarrha his wife, “She is my sister,” for he feared to say, “She is my wife,” lest the men of the city should kill him on her account. So Abimelech king of Gerara sent, and took Sarrha. | And Abraham said of Sarah his wife, She is my sister: and Abimelech king of Gerar sent, and took Sarah. |
| 20.4 | But Abimelech had not touched her: and he said, “Lord, wilt thou destroyan unknowing and righteous nation? | Now Abimelech had not come near her: and he said, Lord, wilt thou slayeven a righteous nation? |
| 20.11 | And Abraham said, “Because I said, ‘Surely there is not the worship of God in this place; and they will slay me because of my wife.’ | And Abraham said, Because I thought, Surely the fear of God is not in this place; and they will slay me for my wife’s sake. |
| 20.14 | And Abimelech took a thousand didrachms, and sheep, and calves, and servants, and maidservants, and gave them unto Abraham, and he restored him Sarrha his wife. | And Abimelech took sheep and oxen, and men-servants and women-servants, and gave them unto Abraham, and restored him Sarah his wife. |
| 20.16 | And unto Sarrha he said, “Behold, I have given thy brother a thousand didrachms: these shall be to thee for the honour of thy countenance, and to all the women with thee; and speak the truth in all things.” | And unto Sarah he said, Behold, I have given thy brother a thousand pieces of silver: behold, it is for thee a covering of the eyes to all that are with thee; and in respect of all thou art righted. |
| 21.2 | And she conceived and bare Abraham a son in old age, at the set time, just as the Lord spake unto him. | And Sarah conceived, and bare Abraham a son in his old age, at the set time of which God had spoken to him. |
| 21.6 | And Sarrha said, “The Lord hath made laughter for me, for whoever shall hear shall rejoice with me.” | And Sarah said, God hath made me to laugh; every one that heareth willlaugh with me. |
| 21.7 | And she said, “Who shall say unto Abraham that Sarrha suckleth a child? for I have borne a son in my old age.” | And she said, Who would have said unto Abraham, that Sarah should give children suck? for I have borne him a son in his old age. |
| 21.9 | And Sarrha saw the son of Hagar the Egyptian who was born to Abraham,sporting with Isaac her son. | And Sarah saw the son of Hagar the Egyptian, whom she had borne unto Abraham, mocking. |
| 21.12 | But God said unto Abraham, “Let not the word concerning the child and concerning the bondwoman be hard before thee; in all things whatsoever Sarrha shall say unto thee, hear her voice; for in Isaac shall thy seed be called. | And God said unto Abraham, Let it not be grievous in thy sight because of the lad, and because of thy handmaid; in all that Sarah saith unto thee, hearken unto her voice; for in Isaac shall thy seed be called. |
| 21.13 | And moreover I will make the son of this bondwoman a great nation, because he is thy seed.” | And also of the son of the handmaid will I make a nation, because he is thy seed. |
| 21.14 | And Abraham rose up in the morning, and took loaves, and a skin of water, and gave them unto Hagar; and he put the child on her shoulder, and sent her away: and she departed, and wandered in the wilderness near the well of the oath. | And Abraham rose up early in the morning, and took bread and a bottle of water, and gave it unto Hagar, putting it on her shoulder, and gave her the child, and sent her away: and she departed, and wandered in the wilderness of Beer-sheba. |
| 21.15 | And the water failed out of the skin, and she cast the child under a fir tree. | And the water in the bottle was spent, and she cast the child under one of the shrubs. |
| 21.16 | And she departed, and sat down opposite him at a distance, as it were a bowshot: for she said, “Surely I cannot see the death of my child.” And she sat opposite him, and the child cried aloud and wept. | And she went, and sat her down over against him a good way off, as it were a bowshot: for she said, Let me not look upon the death of the child. And she sat over against him, and lifted up her voice, and wept. |
| 21.17 | And God heard the voice of the child from the place where he was, and an angel of God called Hagar out of heaven, and said unto her, “What is it, Hagar? fear not; for God hath heard the voice of thy child from the placewhere he is. | And God heard the voice of the lad; and the angel of God called to Hagar out of heaven, and said unto her, What aileth thee, Hagar? fear not; for God hath heard the voice of the lad where he is. |
| 21.22 | And it came to pass at that time, that Abimelech, and Ochozath his friend,and Phichol the chief captain of his host, spake unto Abraham, saying, “God is with thee in all things, whatsoever thou mayest do: | And it came to pass at that time, that Abimelech and Phicol the captain of his host spake unto Abraham, saying, God is with thee in all that thou doest: |
| 21.23 | now therefore swear unto me by God that thou wilt not wrong me, nor my seed, nor my name: but according to the righteousness which I have performed with thee, thou shalt deal with me, and with the land in which thou hast sojourned.” | now therefore swear unto me here by God that thou wilt not deal falsely with me, nor with my son, nor with my son’s son: but according to thekindness that I have done unto thee, thou shalt do unto me, and to the land wherein thou hast sojourned. |
| 21.28 | And Abraham set seven ewe lambs by themselves. | And Abraham set seven ewe lambs of the flock by themselves. |
| 21.33 | And Abraham planted a field at the well of the oath, and called there on the name of the Lord, the everlasting God. | And Abraham planted a tamarisk tree in Beer-sheba, and called there on the name of Yahweh, the Everlasting God. |
| 22.2 | And he said, “Take thy son, the beloved one, whom thou hast loved, even Isaac, and go into the high land; and offer him there for a whole burnt offering upon one of the mountains which I will tell thee of.” | And he said, Take now thy son, thine only son, whom thou lovest, even Isaac, and get thee into the land of Moriah; and offer him there for a burnt-offering upon one of the mountains which I will tell thee of. |
| 22.12 | And he said, “Lay not thine hand upon the child, neither do thou anything unto him: for now I know that thou fearest God, and for my sake thou hast not spared thy beloved son.” | And he said, Lay not thy hand upon the lad, neither do thou anything unto him; for now I know that thou fearest God, seeing thou hast not withheld thy son, thine only son, from me. |
| 22.13 | And Abraham lifted up his eyes and beheld, and lo! a ram caught by his horns in a plant of Sabec. And Abraham went and took the ram, and offered him up for a whole burnt offering in the stead of Isaac his son. | And Abraham lifted up his eyes, and looked, and, behold, behind him a ram caught in the thicket by his horns: and Abraham went and took the ram, and offered him up for a burnt-offering in the stead of his son. |
| 22.16 | saying, “By myself I have sworn, says the Lord, because thou hast done this thing, and on my account hast not spared thy beloved son, | and said, By myself have I sworn, saith Yahweh, because thou hast done this thing, and hast not withheld thy son, thine only son, |
| 23.1 | And the life of Sarrha was an hundred and seven and twenty years. | And the life of Sarah was a hundred and seven and twenty years: these were the years of the life of Sarah. |
| 23.2 | And Sarrha died in the city of Arboc, which is in the valley, this is Chebron in the land of Chanaan. And Abraham came to lament for Sarrha and to mourn. | And Sarah died in Kiriath-arba (the same is Hebron), in the land of Canaan: and Abraham came to mourn for Sarah, and to weep for her. |
| 23.8 | And Abraham spake unto them, saying, “If ye have it in your soul that I should bury my dead out of my sight, hearken unto me, and speak for me to Ephron the son Saar. | And he communed with them, saying, If it be your mind that I should bury my dead out of my sight, hear me, and entreat for me to Ephron the son of Zohar, |
| 23.9 | And let him give me the double cave, which he hath, which is in a part ofhis field, … | that he may give me the cave of Machpelah, which he hath, which is in the end of his field; … |
| 23.13 | And he spake unto Ephron in the audience of the people of the land, “Since thou art on my side, hear me; take the price of the field from me, and I will bury my dead there.” | And he spake unto Ephron in the audience of the people of the land, saying, But if thou wilt, I pray thee, hear me: I will give the price of the field; take it of me, and I will bury my dead there. |
| 23.15 | “Nay, my lord, I have heard indeed: the land is worth four hundred silver didrachms, but what can this be between me and thee? nay, do thou bury thy dead.” | My lord, hearken unto me: a piece of land worth four hundred shekels of silver, what is that betwixt me and thee? bury therefore thy dead. |
| 24.4 | but thou shalt go unto my country, where I was born, and to my tribe, and thou shalt take from thence a wife for my son Isaac.” | but thou shalt go unto my country, and to my kindred, and take a wife for my son Isaac. |
| 24.7 | The Lord, the God of heaven, and the God of the earth, who took me out of my father’s house, and out of the land whence I sprang, who spake unto me, and who sware unto me, saying, ‘Unto thee and unto thy seed will I give this land,’ he shall send his angel before thee, and thou shalt take a wife for my son Isaac from thence. | Yahweh, the God of heaven, who took me from my father’s house, and from the land of my nativity, and who spake unto me, and who sware unto me, saying, Unto thy seed will I give this land; he will send his angel before thee, and thou shalt take a wife for my son from thence. |
| 24.10 | And the servant took ten camels of the camels of his master, and he took of all the goods of his master with him: … | And the servant took ten camels, of the camels of his master, and departed, having all goodly things of his master’s in his hand: … |
| 24.19 | till he ceased drinking. And she said, “I will draw water for thy camels also, till they shall all have drunk.” | And when she had done giving him drink, she said, I will draw for thy camels also, until they have done drinking. |
| 24.23 | And he asked her, and said, “Whose daughter art thou? Tell me if there is room for us to lodge with thy father.” | and said, Whose daughter art thou? tell me, I pray thee. Is there room in thy father’s house for us to lodge in? |
| 24.26 | And the man being well pleased, worshipped the Lord. | And the man bowed his head, and worshipped Yahweh. |
| 24.27 | And he said, “Blessed be the Lord, the God of my master Abraham, who hath not suffered his righteousness to fail, nor his truth from my master, and the Lord hath brought me prosperously to the house of the brother of my lord.” | And he said, Blessed be Yahweh, the God of my master Abraham, who hath not forsaken his lovingkindness and his truth toward my master: as for me, Yahweh hath led me in the way to the house of my master’s brethren. |
| 24.40 | And he said unto me, ‘The Lord God to whom I have been well pleasing in his presence, himself shall send out his angel with thee, and prosper thy way; and thou shalt take a wife for my son of my tribe, and of my father’s house. | And he said unto me, Yahweh, before whom I walk, will send his angel with thee, and prosper thy way; and thou shalt take a wife for my son of my kindred, and of my father’s house: |
| 24.41 | Then shalt thou be clear from my curse, … | then shalt thou be clear from my oath, … |
| 24.44 | and she shall say to me, “Both drink thou, and I will draw water for thy camels,” let this be the wife whom the Lord hath prepared for his own servant Isaac. And hereby shall I know that thou hast wrought mercy with my master Abraham.’ | and she shall say to me, Both drink thou, and I will also draw for thy camels: let the same be the woman whom Yahweh hath appointed for my master’s son. |
| 24.47 | And I asked her, and said, ‘Whose daughter art thou?’ And she said, ‘I am daughter of Bathuel, Nachor’s son, whom Melcha bare to him.’ And I putthe earrings upon her, and the bracelets upon her hands. | And I asked her, and said, Whose daughter art thou? And she said, The daughter of Bethuel, Nahor’s son, whom Milcah bare unto him: and I putthe ring upon her nose, and the bracelets upon her hands. |
| 24.48 | And being well pleased, I worshipped the Lord, … | And I bowed my head, and worshipped Yahweh, … |
| 24.49 | If then ye will deal mercifully and justly with my master, tell me: and if not, tell me, that I may turn to the right hand, or to the left.” | And now if ye will deal kindly and truly with my master, tell me: and if not, tell me; that I may turn to the right hand, or to the left. |
| 24.50 | And Laban and Bathuel answered and said, “This matter hath come forth from the Lord: we shall not be able to gainsay thee bad or good. | Then Laban and Bethuel answered and said, The thing proceedeth from Yahweh: we cannot speak unto thee bad or good. |
| 24.54 | And they ate and drank, both he and the men with him, and went to sleep. And he arose in the morning and said, “Send me away, that I may go unto my master.” | And they did eat and drink, he and the men that were with him, and tarried all night; and they rose up in the morning, and he said, Send me away unto my master. |
| 24.55 | And her brethren and her mother said, “Let the virgin abide with us about ten days, and after that she shall depart.” | And her brother and her mother said, Let the damsel abide with us a few days, at the least ten; after that she shall go. |
| 24.59 | So they sent forth Rebecca their sister, and her goods, and Abraham’s servant, and his attendants. | And they sent away Rebekah their sister, and her nurse, and Abraham’s servant, and his men. |
| 24.62 | And Isaac went through the wilderness to the well of the vision, and he dwelt in the land toward the south. | And Isaac came from the way of Beer-lahai-roi [the well of the living one who seeth me]; for he dwelt in the land of the South. |
| 24.67 | And Isaac went into the house of his mother, and took Rebecca, and she became his wife; and he loved her: and Isaac was comforted for Sarrha his mother. | And Isaac brought her into his mother Sarah’s tent, and took Rebekah, and she became his wife; and he loved her: and Isaac was comforted after his mother’s death. |
| 25.3 | And Jezan begat Saba, and Thaeman, and Dedan. And the sons of Dedan were Raguel and Nabdeel and the Assurians and the Latusians, and Laomim. | And Jokshan begat Sheba, and Dedan. And the sons of Dedan were Asshurim, and Letushim, and Leummim. |
| 25.22 | And the babes leaped within her; and she said, “If it will be so with me, why is this to me?” And she went to enquire of the Lord. | And the children struggled together within her; and she said, If it be so, wherefore do I live? And she went to inquire of Yahweh. |
| 25.25 | And the first came out red, hairy all over like a skin. And she called his name Esau. | And the first came forth red, all over like a hairy garment; and they called his name Esau. |
| 25.31 | And Jacob said to Esau, “Sell me this day thy birthright.” | And Jacob said, Sell me first thy birthright. |
| 26.5 | because Abraham thy father hearkened to my voice, … | because that Abraham obeyed my voice, … |
| 26.8 | And he remained there a long time, and Abimelech the king of Gerara looked in through the window, and saw Isaac sporting with Rebecca his wife. | And it came to pass, when he had been there a long time, that Abimelech king of the Philistines looked out at a window, and saw, and, behold, Isaac was sporting with Rebekah his wife. |
| 26.9 | And Abimelech called Isaac, and said unto him, “Is she then thy wife?why hast thou said, ‘She is my sister’?” And Isaac said unto him, “Because I said, ‘Lest at any time I die on her account.’ ” | And Abimelech called Isaac, and said, Behold, of a surety she is thy wife:and how saidst thou, She is my sister? And Isaac said unto him, Because I said, Lest I die because of her. |
| 26.10 | And Abimelech said unto him, “Why hast thou done this to us? one of my kindred within a little had lain with thy wife, and thou wouldest have brought a sin of ignorance upon us.” | And Abimelech said, What is this thou hast done unto us? One of the people might easily have lain with thy wife, and thou wouldest have brought guiltiness upon us. |
| 26.12 | And Isaac sowed in that land, and found in that year barley an hundred-fold: and the Lord blessed him. | And Isaac sowed in that land, and found in the same year a hundredfold: and Yahweh blessed him. |
| 26.14 | And he had cattle of sheep, and cattle of oxen, and many tilled lands: and the Philistines envied him. | and he had possessions of flocks, and possessions of herds, and a great household: and the Philistines envied him. |
| 26.19 | And Isaac’s servants digged in the valley of Gerara, and found there a well of living water. | And Isaac’s servants digged in the valley, and found there a well of springing water. |
| 26.20 | And the shepherds of Gerara strove with Isaac’s shepherds, saying that the water was theirs; and he called the name of the well, Injury, for theyinjured him. | And the herdsmen of Gerar strove with Isaac’s herdsmen, saying, The water is ours: and he called the name of the well Esek, because theycontended with him. |
| 26.21 | And he departed thence and digged another well, and they strove for that also; and he named the name of it, Enmity. | And they digged another well, and they strove for that also: and he called the name of it Sitnah. |
| 26.22 | And he departed thence, and digged another well; and they did not strive about that. And he named the name of it, Room, saying, “For now the Lord hath made room for us, and hath increased us upon the earth.” | And he removed from thence, and digged another well; and for that they strove not: and he called the name of it Rehoboth; and he said, For now Yahweh hath made room for us, and we shall be fruitful in the land. |
| 26.24 | And the Lord appeared unto him in that night, and said, “I am the God of Abraham thy father; fear not, for I am with thee, and I will bless thee, and multiply thy seed for the sake of Abraham thy father.” | And Yahweh appeared unto him the same night, and said, I am the God of Abraham thy father: fear not, for I am with thee, and will bless thee, and multiply thy seed for my servant Abraham’s sake. |
| 26.29 | that thou shalt do no wrong by us, as we have not abhorred thee … | that thou wilt do us no hurt, as we have not touched thee, … |
| 26.32 | And it came to pass in that day, that Isaac’s servants came and told him of the well which they had digged, and said, “We have not found water.” | and it came to pass the same day, that Isaac’s servants came, and told him concerning the well which they had digged, and said unto him, We have found water. |
| 26.33 | And he called it, Oath: therefore the name of that city is the Well of Oath unto this day. | And he called it Shibah [similar to the Hebrew word for oath]: therefore the name of the city is Beer-sheba unto this day. |
| 26.35 | And they were provoking unto Isaac and Rebecca. | and they were a grief of mind unto Isaac and to Rebekah. |
| 27.4 | and make me meats, as I love, … | and make me savory food, such as I love … [also verses 27.7, 9, 14, 17 and 31] |
| 27.5 | And Rebecca heard Isaac speaking to Esau his son. And Esau went to the field to hunt venison for his father. | And Rebekah heard when Isaac spake to Esau his son. And Esau went to the field to hunt for venison, and to bring it. |
| 27.16 | And she put the skins of the kids upon his arms, and upon the bare parts of his neck. | and she put the skins of the kids of the goats upon his hands, and upon the smooth of his neck: |
| 27.18 | And he brought them unto his father, and said, “Father.”… | And he came unto his father, and said, My father: … |
| 27.20 | And Isaac said unto his son, “What is this which thou hast quickly found?” And he said, “That which the Lord thy God presented before me.” | And Isaac said unto his son, How is it that thou hast found it so quickly, my son? And he said, Because Yahweh thy God sent me good speed. |
| 27.29 | And let nations serve thee, and princes bow down to thee, and be thou lord of thy brother, and thy father’s sons shall do thee reverence: accursed is he that curseth thee, and blessed is he that blesseth thee.” | Let peoples serve thee, And nations bow down to thee: Be lord over thy brethren, And let thy mother’s sons bow down to thee: Cursed be every one that curseth thee, And blessed be every one that blesseth thee. |
| 27.38 | And Esau said unto his father, “Hast thou only one blessing, father? Bless, I pray thee, me also, father.” And Isaac being troubled, Esau cried aloud and wept. | And Esau said unto his father, Hast thou but one blessing, my father? Bless me, even me also, O my father. And Esau lifted up his voice, and wept. |
| 27.42 | And the words of Esau her elder son were reported to Rebecca: and she sent and called Jacob her younger son, and said unto him, “Behold, thy brother Esau threateneth thee to kill thee. | And the words of Esau her elder son were told to Rebekah; and she sent and called Jacob her younger son, and said unto him, Behold, thy brother Esau, as touching thee, doth comfort himself, purposing to kill thee. |
| 27.43 | Now then, my son, hear my voice; and arise, and flee into Mesopotamia to Laban my brother into Charran; | Now therefore, my son, obey my voice; and arise, flee thou to Laban my brother to Haran; |
| 28.3 | And may my God bless thee, and increase thee, and multiply thee, and thou shalt become gatherings of nations. | And God Almighty bless thee, and make thee fruitful, and multiply thee, that thou mayest be a company of peoples; |
| 28.13 | And the Lord stood upon it, and said, “I am the God of Abraham thy father, and the God of Isaac: fear not, the land whereon thou liest, to thee will I give it, and to thy seed. | And, behold, Yahweh stood above it, and said, I am Yahweh, the God of Abraham thy father, and the God of Isaac: the land whereon thou liest, to thee will I give it, and to thy seed; |
| 28.20 | And Jacob vowed a vow, saying, “If the Lord God will be with me, … | And Jacob vowed a vow, saying, If God will be with me, … |
| 29.1 | And Jacob started, and went to the land of the east to Laban, the son of Bathuel the Syrian, and the brother of Rebecca, mother of Jacob and Esau. | Then Jacob went on his journey, and came to the land of the children of the east. |
| 29.9 | While he was yet speaking to them, behold, Rachel the daughter of Labancame with her father’s sheep, for she fed the sheep of her father. | While he was yet speaking with them, Rachel came with her father’s sheep; for she kept them. |
| 29.12 | And he told Rachel that he was her father’s brother, and Rebecca’s son: and she ran and reported to her father according to these words. | And Jacob told Rachel that he was her father’s brother, and that he was Rebekah’s son: and she ran and told her father. |
| 29.31 | And when the Lord God saw that Lea was hated, he opened her womb; but Rachel was barren. | And Yahweh saw that Leah was hated, and he opened her womb: but Rachel was barren. |
| 29.35 | And she conceived yet again, and bare a son: and she said, “Now yet again this time will I give thanks to the Lord”: therefore she called his name Juda; and ceased bearing. | And she conceived again, and bare a son: and she said, This time will Ipraise Yahweh: therefore she called his name Judah; and she left off bearing. |
| 30.5 | And Balla, Rachel’s maid, conceived, and bare Jacob a son. | And Bilhah conceived, and bare Jacob a son. |
| 30.8 | And Rachel said, “God hath helped me, and I contended with my sisterand prevailed”; and she called his name Nephthalim. | And Rachel said, With mighty wrestlings have I wrestled with my sister, and have prevailed: and she called his name Naphtali. |
| 30.10 | And he went in unto her; and Zelpha Lea’s maid conceived, and bare Jacob a son. | And Zilpah Leah’s handmaid bare Jacob a son. |
| 30.18 | And Lea said, “God hath given me my reward, because I gave my maid to my husband.” And she called his name Issachar, which is, Reward. | And Leah said, God hath given me my hire, because I gave my handmaid to my husband: and she called his name Issachar. |
| 30.20 | And Lea said, “God hath given me a good gift in this time; … | And Leah said, God hath endowed me with a good dowry; … |
| 30.24 | And she called his name Joseph, saying, “Let God add to me another son.” | and she called his name Joseph, saying, Yahweh add to me another son. |
| 30.27 | And Laban said unto him, “If I have found grace in thy sight, I would augur well, for the Lord hath blessed me at thy coming in. | And Laban said unto him, If now I have found favor in thine eyes, tarry: for I have divined that Yahweh hath blessed me for thy sake. |
| 30.32 | Let all thy sheep pass by today, and separate thence every grey sheep among the rams, and every one that is speckled and spotted among the goats–this shall be my reward. | I will pass through all thy flock to-day, removing from thence everyspeckled and spotted one, and every black one among the sheep, and the spotted and speckled among the goats: and of such shall be my hire. |
| 30.33 | And my righteousness shall answer for me on the morrow, for it is my reward before thee: whatever shall not be spotted and speckled among the goats, and grey among the rams, shall be stolen with me.” | So shall my righteousness answer for me hereafter, when thou shalt come concerning my hire that is before thee: every one that is not speckled and spotted among the goats, and black among the sheep, that, if found with me, shall be counted stolen. |
| 30.35 | And he separated in that day the spotted and speckled he goats, and all the spotted and speckled she goats, and all that was grey among the rams, and every one that was white among them, and he gave them into the hand of his sons. | And he removed that day the he-goats that were ringstreaked and spotted, and all the she-goats that were speckled and spotted, every one that had white in it, and all the black ones among the sheep, and gave them into the hand of his sons; |
| 30.37 | And Jacob took to himself green rods of storax tree, and of the walnut and the plane tree; and Jacob peeled white stripes in them; and as he drew off the green, the white stripe which he had made appeared alternate on the rods. | And Jacob took him rods of fresh poplar, and of the almond and of the plane-tree; and peeled white streaks in them, and made the white appear which was in the rods. |
| 30.40 | And Jacob separated the lambs, and set before the sheep a speckled ram, and every variegated one among the lambs, and he separated flocks for himself alone, and did not mingle them with the sheep of Laban. | And Jacob separated the lambs, and set the faces of the flocks toward theringstreaked and all the black in the flock of Laban: and he put his own droves apart, and put them not unto Laban’s flock. |
| 30.41 | And it came to pass, in the time wherein the sheep became pregnant, conceiving in the belly, … | And it came to pass, whensoever the stronger of the flock did conceive, … |
| 30.42 | But when the flocks brought forth, he did not put them in: so the unmarkedones were Laban’s, and the marked ones were Jacob’s. | but when the flock were feeble, he put them not in: so the feebler were Laban’s, and the stronger Jacob’s. |
| 31.7 | But your father deceived me, and changed my wages of ten lambs; yet God gave him not power to hurt me. | And your father hath deceived me, and changed my wages ten times; but God suffered him not to hurt me. |
| 31.8 | … and if he should say, ‘The white shall be thy reward,’ then would all the cattle bear white. | … and if he said thus, The ringstreaked shall be thy wages; then bare all the flock ringstreaked. |
| 31.10 | … behold, the he goats and the rams leaping on the sheep and the she goats, speckled and variegated and spotted with ash-coloured spots. | … behold, the he-goats which leaped upon the flock were ringstreaked, speckled, and grizzled. |
| 31.11 | And the angel of God said unto me in a dream, ‘Jacob’: and I said, ‘What is it?’ | And the angel of God said unto me in the dream, Jacob: and I said, Here am I. |
| 31.12 | And he said, ‘Look up with thine eyes, and behold the he goats and the rams leaping on the sheep and the she goats, speckled and variegated and spotted with ash-coloured spots; for I have seen all things that Laban doeth to thee. | And he said, Lift up now thine eyes, and see: all the he-goats which leap upon the flock are ringstreaked, speckled, and grizzled: for I have seen all that Laban doeth unto thee. |
| 31.13 | I am God that appeared to thee in the place of God, where thou anointedst a pillar … | I am the God of Beth-el, where thou anointedst a pillar, … |
| 31.16 | All the wealth and the glory which God hath taken from our father, … | For all the riches which God hath taken away from our father, … |
| 31.18 | and he took away all his possessions and all his store, which he had gotten in Mesopotamia, and all that belonged to him, to depart to Isaac his father in the land of Chanaan. | and he carried away all his cattle, and all his substance which he had gathered, the cattle of his getting, which he had gathered in Paddan-aram, to go to Isaac his father unto the land of Canaan. |
| 31.21 | So he fled, himself and all that belonged to him, and passed over the river, and rushed toward mount Galaad. | So he fled with all that he had; and he rose up, and passed over the River, and set his face toward the mountain of Gilead. |
| 31.22 | But it was told Laban the Syrian on the third day that Jacob was fled. | And it was told Laban on the third day that Jacob was fled. |
| 31.24 | And God came to Laban the Syrian in a dream by night, and said unto him, “Take heed to thyself lest thou speak to Jacob evil words.” | And God came to Laban the Syrian in a dream of the night, and said unto him, Take heed to thyself that thou speak not to Jacob either good or bad. |
| 31.26 | And Laban said to Jacob, “What hast thou done? wherefore didst thou run away secretly, and pillage me, and led away my daughters as captives taken with the sword? | And Laban said to Jacob, What hast thou done, that thou hast deceived my heart, and carried away my daughters as captives of the sword? |
| 31.27 | Whereas if thou hadst told me, I would have sent thee away with mirth, and with songs, and timbrels, and harp. | Wherefore didst thou flee secretly, and steal away from me, and didst not tell me, that I might have sent thee away with mirth and with songs, with tabret and with harp; |
| 31.31 | And Jacob answered and said to Laban, “Because I said, Lest at any time thou shouldest take thy daughters away from me, and all my possessions. | And Jacob answered and said to Laban, Because I was afraid: for I said, Lest thou shouldest take thy daughters from me by force. |
| 31.32 | Take notice of what I have of thy property, and take it”; and he observed nothing with him. And Jacob said, “With whomsoever thou shalt find thy gods, he shall not live in the presence of our brethren”; but Jacob knew not that his wife Rachel had stolen them. | With whomsoever thou findest thy gods, he shall not live: before our brethren discern thou what is thine with me, and take it to thee. For Jacob knew not that Rachel had stolen them. |
| 31.33 | And Laban went in and searched Lea’s tent, and found them not. And he went out of Lea’s tent, and searched in Jacob’s tent, and in the two maidservants’ tent, and found them not. And he went also into Rachel’s tent. | And Laban went into Jacob’s tent, and into Leah’s tent, and into the tent of the two maid-servants; but he found them not. And he went out of Leah’s tent, and entered into Rachel’s tent. |
| 31.34 | Now Rachel had taken the idols, and cast them among the camel’s packs, and sat upon them. | Now Rachel had taken the teraphim, and put them in the camel’s saddle, and sat upon them. And Laban felt about all the tent, but found them not. |
| 31.39 | That which was taken of beasts I brought not unto thee; I made good of myself the thefts of the day, and the thefts of the night. | That which was torn of beasts I brought not unto thee; I bare the loss of it;of my hand didst thou require it, whether stolen by day or stolen by night. |
| 31.40 | I was parched with heat by day, and chilled with frost by night; and my sleep departed from my eyes. | Thus I was; in the day the drought consumed me, and the frost by night; and my sleep fled from mine eyes. |
| 31.41 | These twenty years have I been in thine house; I served thee fourteen years for thy two daughters, and six years among thy sheep, and thou didst falsely rate my wages for ten lambs. | These twenty years have I been in thy house; I served thee fourteen years for thy two daughters, and six years for thy flock: and thou hast changed my wages ten times. |
| 31.42 | Except the God of my father Abraham, and the fear of Isaac, … | Except the God of my father, the God of Abraham, and the Fear of Isaac, … |
| 31.43 | And Laban answered and said unto Jacob, “’The daughters are my daughters, and the sons my sons, and the cattle are my cattle, and all things which thou seest are mine, and my daughters’: what shall I do unto themtoday, or unto their children whom they have borne? | And Laban answered and said unto Jacob, The daughters are my daughters, and the children are my children, and the flocks are my flocks, and all that thou seest is mine: and what can I do this day unto these my daughters, or unto their children whom they have borne? |
| 31.44 | Now therefore come, let me make a covenant, I and thou; and it shall be for a witness between me and thee.” And he said unto him, “Behold, there is no one with us; behold, God is witness between me and thee.” | And now come, let us make a covenant, I and thou; and let it be for a witness between me and thee. |
| 31.46 | And Jacob said unto his brethren, “Gather stones.” And they gathered stones and made an heap, and ate there upon the heap. And Laban said unto him, “This heap witnesseth between me and thee today.” | And Jacob said unto his brethren, Gather stones; and they took stones, and made a heap: and they did eat there by the heap. |
| 31.48 | And Laban said unto Jacob, “Behold this heap, and the pillar, which I have set between me and thee; this heap witnesseth, and this pillar witnesseth.” (Therefore its name was called, The Heap Witnesses, | And Laban said, This heap is witness between me and thee this day. Therefore was the name of it called Galeed: |
| 31.50 | “If thou shalt humble my daughters, if thou shouldest take wives in addition to my daughters, see, there is no one with us. | If thou shalt afflict my daughters, and if thou shalt take wives besides my daughters, no man is with us; see, God is witness betwixt me and thee. |
| 31.51 | Not in LXX. | And Laban said to Jacob, Behold this heap, and behold the pillar, which I have set betwixt me and thee. |
| 31.52 | For if I should not cross over unto thee, neither shouldest thou cross over to me, beyond this heap and this pillar, for mischief. | This heap be witness, and the pillar be witness, that I will not pass overthis heap to thee, and that thou shalt not pass over this heap and this pillar unto me, for harm. |
| 31.53 | The God of Abraham, and the God of Nachor, judge betwixt us.” And Jacob sware by the Fear of his father Isaac. | The God of Abraham, and the God of Nahor, the God of their father, judge betwixt us. And Jacob sware by the Fear of his father Isaac. |
| 31.54 | And he offered a sacrifice in the mountain, and called his brethren, and they ate and drank, and slept in the mountain. | And Jacob offered a sacrifice in the mountain, and called his brethren to eat bread: and they did eat bread, and tarried all night in the mountain. |
| 32.1-2 | And Jacob departed for his journey; and he looked up, and saw the host of God encamped; and the angels of God met him. And Jacob said, when he saw them, “This is the Camp of God.” And he called the name of that place, Encampments. | And Jacob went on his way, and the angels of God met him. And Jacob said when he saw them, This is God’s host: and he called the name of that place Mahanaim. |
| 32.7 | And Jacob was greatly terrified, and was perplexed; and he divided the people that was with him, and the kine, and the sheep, into two camps. | Then Jacob was greatly afraid and was distressed: and he divided the people that were with him, and the flocks, and the herds, and the camels, into two companies; |
| 32.9 | And Jacob said, “God of my father Abraham, and God of my father Isaac, O Lord, thou art he that said unto me, ‘Depart quickly to the land of thy birth, and I will do thee good.’ | And Jacob said, O God of my father Abraham, and God of my father Isaac, O Yahweh, who saidst unto me, Return unto thy country, and to thykindred, and I will do thee good: |
| 32.10 | Let there be to me a sufficiency of all the justice, and all the truth, which thou hast wrought with thy servant; … | I am not worthy of the least of all the lovingkindnesses, and of all the truth, which thou hast showed unto thy servant; … |
| 32.11 | Deliver me from the hand of my brother Esau: for I fear him, … | Deliver me, I pray thee, from the hand of my brother, from the hand ofEsau: for I fear him … |
| 32.19 | And he commanded the first and the second and the third, … | And he commanded also the second, and the third, … |
| 32.20 | and ye shall say, ‘Behold thy servant Jacob cometh after us.’ ” For he said, “I will propitiate his countenance with the gifts going before his presence, and afterwards I will behold his face, for peradventure he will accept me.” | and ye shall say, Moreover, behold, thy servant Jacob is behind us. For he said, I will appease him with the present that goeth before me, and afterward I will see his face; peradventure he will accept me. |
| 32.23 | And he took them, and passed over the torrent, and brought over all his possessions. | And he took them, and sent them over the stream, and sent over that which he had. |
| 32.25 | And he saw that he prevailed not against him; and he touched the broad part of his thigh, and the broad part of Jacob’s thigh was benumbed in his wrestling with him. | And when he saw that he prevailed not against him, he touched the hollow of his thigh; and the hollow of Jacob’s thigh was strained, as he wrestled with him. |
| 32.28 | And he said unto him, “Thy name shall no longer be called Jacob, but Israel shall be thy name; for thou hast prevailed with God, and shalt be mighty with men.” | And he said, Thy name shall be called no more Jacob, but Israel: for thou hast striven with God and with men, and hast prevailed. |
| 32.32 | Therefore the children of Israel will by no means eat of the sinew which was benumbed, which is on the broad part of the thigh, unto this day: because he touched the broad part of Jacob’s thigh–even the sinew which was benumbed. | Therefore the children of Israel eat not the sinew of the hip which is upon the hollow of the thigh, unto this day: because he touched the hollow of Jacob’s thigh in the sinew of the hip. |
| 33.8 | And he said, “What are these things to thee, all these companies that I have met?” And he said, “That thy servant might find grace in thy sight, my lord.” | And he said, What meanest thou by all this company which I met? And he said, To find favor in the sight of my lord. |
| 33.12 | And he said, “Let us depart, and proceed right onward.” | And he said, Let us take our journey, and let us go, and I will go before thee. |
| 33.14 | Let my lord go on before his servant, and I shall have strength on the road according to the ease of the journey before me, and according to thestrength of the children, until I come unto my lord unto Seir.” | Let my lord, I pray thee, pass over before his servant: and I will lead on gently, according to the pace of the cattle that are before me and according to the pace of the children, until I come unto my lord unto Seir. |
| 33.19 | And he bought the parcel of the field, where he pitched his tent, of Emmor, Sychem’s father, for an hundred lambs. | And he bought the parcel of ground, where he had spread his tent, at the hand of the children of Hamor, Shechem’s father, for a hundred pieces of money. |
| 34.3 | And he was attached unto the soul of Dina the daughter of Jacob, and he loved the damsel, and spake kindly unto the damsel. | And his soul clave unto Dinah the daughter of Jacob, and he loved the damsel, and spake kindly unto the damsel. |
| 34.14 | And Simeon and Levi, the brothers of Dina, said unto them, … | and said unto them, … |
| 34.15 | Only on these terms will we conform to you, and dwell among you: if ye also will be as we are, in that every male of you be circumcised. | Only on this condition will we consent unto you: if ye will be as we are, that every male of you be circumcised; |
| 34.24 | And unto Emmor and Sychem his son hearkened all that went out of the gate of their city, and they were circumcised in the flesh of their foreskinevery male. | And unto Hamor and unto Shechem his son hearkened all that went out of the gate of his city; and every male was circumcised, all that went out of the gate of his city. |
| 34.29 | And all the persons of them, and all their store, and their wives took they captive, and plundered both whatever things there were in the city, andwhatever things there were in the houses. | and all their wealth, and all their little ones and their wives, took they captive and made a prey, even all that was in the house. |
| 34.30 | And Jacob said to Simeon and Levi, “Ye have made me hateful so that I should be evil to all the inhabitants of the land, both among the Chananites and the Pherezites: and I am few in number; they will gather themselves against me and cut me in pieces, and I shall be utterly destroyed, and my house.” | And Jacob said to Simeon and Levi, Ye have troubled me, to make meodious to the inhabitants of the land, among the Canaanites and the Perizzites: and, I being few in number, they will gather themselves together against me and smite me; and I shall be destroyed, I and my house. |
| 35.3 | … who hearkened to me in the day of tribulation, who was with me, and preserved me throughout in the journey, by which I went.” | … who answered me in the day of my distress, and was with me in the way which I went. |
| 35.4 | … and Jacob hid them under the terebinth tree which is in Secima, and destroyed them to this day. | … and Jacob hid them under the oak which was by Shechem. |
| 35.5 | So Israel departed from Secima, and the fear of God was upon the cities round about them, and they did not pursue after the sons of Israel. | And they journeyed: and a terror of God was upon the cities that were round about them, and they did not pursue after the sons of Jacob. |
| 35.7 | And he built there an altar, and called the name of the place Baethel; … | And he built there an altar, and called the place El-beth-el; … |
| 35.11 | And God said unto him, “I am thy God; increase and multiply; for nationsand gatherings of nations shall be of thee, and kings shall come out of thy loins. | And God said unto him, I am God Almighty: be fruitful and multiply; a nation and a company of nations shall be of thee, and kings shall come out of thy loins; |
| 35.12 | And the land which I gave to Abraham and Isaac, I have given it to thee; it shall be to thee; and to thy seed after thee will I give this land.” | and the land which I gave unto Abraham and Isaac, to thee I will give it, and to thy seed after thee will I give the land. |
| 35.16 | And Jacob removed from Baethel, and pitched his tent beyond the tower of Gader, and it came to pass when he drew nigh to Chabratha, to enter into Ephratha, Rachel travailed; and in her travail she was in hard labour. | And they journeyed from Beth-el; and there was still some distance to come to Ephrath: and Rachel travailed, and she had hard labor. |
| 35.21 | Not in the LXX. | And Israel journeyed, and spread his tent beyond the tower of Eder. |
| 35.22 | … And Israel heard, and the thing appeared grievous before him. | … And Isreal heard of it. |
| 35.27 | And Jacob came unto Isaac his father unto Mambre, to a city of the plain; this is Chebron in the land of Chanaan, where Abraham and Isaac sojourned. | And Jacob came unto Isaac his father to Mamre, to Kiriath-arba (the same is Hebron), where Abraham and Isaac sojourned. |
| 36.2 | And Esau took to himself wives of the daughters of the Chananites; Ada, the daughter of Aelon the Chettite; and Elibema, daughter of Ana the sonof Sebegon, the Evite; | Esau took his wives of the daughters of Canaan: Adah the daughter of Elon the Hittite, and Oholibamah the daughter of Anah, the daughter of Zibeon the Hivite, |
| 36.6 | And Esau took his wives, and his sons, and his daughters, and all the persons of his house, and all his possessions, and all his cattle, and all that he had got, and all things whatsoever he had acquired in the land of Chanaan; and Esau went forth from the land of Chanaan, from the face ofhis brother Jacob. | And Esau took his wives, and his sons, and his daughters, and all the souls of his house, and his cattle, and all his beasts, and all his possessions, which he had gathered in the land of Canaan; and went into a land awayfrom his brother Jacob. |
| 36.7 | For their substance was too great for them to dwell together; and the land of their sojourning could not bear them, because of the abundance of their possessions. | For their substance was too great for them to dwell together; and the land of their sojournings could not bear them because of their cattle. |
| 36.21 | and Deson, and Asar, and Rison: these are the chiefs of the Chorrhite, the son of Seir in the land of Edom. | and Dishon and Ezer and Dishan: these are the chiefs that came of theHorites, the children of Seir in the land of Edom. |
| 37.2 | And these are the generations of Jacob. And Joseph was seventeen years old, feeding the sheep of his father with his brethren, being young; … | These are the generations of Jacob. Joseph, being seventeen years old, was feeding the flock with his brethren; and he was a lad … |
| 37.5 | And Joseph dreamed a dream, and told it to his brethren. | And Joseph dreamed a dream, and he told it to his brethren: and they hated him yet the more. |
| 37.7 | I thought ye were binding sheaves in the middle of the field, … | for, behold, we were binding sheaves in the field, … |
| 37.9 | And he dreamed another dream, and related it to his father, and to his brethren, and said, … | And he dreamed yet another dream, and told it to his brethren, and said, … |
| 37.10 | And his father rebuked him, and said unto him … | And he told it to his father, and to his brethren, and his father rebuked him, and said unto him … |
| 37.33 | And he knew it, and said, “It is my son’s tunic; an evil wild beast hath devoured him; a wild beast hath carried off Joseph.” | And he knew it, and said, It is my son’s coat; an evil beast hath devoured him; Joseph is without doubt torn in pieces. |
| 37.35 | And all his sons and his daughters gathered themselves together, and cameto comfort him; … | And all his sons and all his daughters rose up to comfort him; … |
| 38.3 | And she conceived, and bare a son, and called his name Er. | And she conceived, and bare a son; and he called his name Er. |
| 38.5 | And she again bare a son, and called his name Selom: and she was in Chasbi when she bare them. | And she yet again bare a son, and called his name Shelah: and he was at Chezib, when she bare him. |
| 38.7 | And Er, Judas’ firstborn, was wicked before the Lord; and God slew him. | And Er, Judah’s first-born, was wicked in the sight of Yahweh; andYahweh slew him. |
| 38.12 | And the days were fulfilled, and Sava Judas’ wife died; and Judas was comforted, and went unto them that sheared his sheep, to Thamna, himself and his shepherd Iras the Odollamite. | And in process of time Shua’s daughter, the wife of Judah, died; and Judah was comforted, and went up unto his sheep-shearers to Timnah, he and hisfriend Hirah the Adullamite. |
| 38.14 | And she took off the garments of her widowhood from her, and put on a veil, and beautified her face, and sat by the gates of Aenan, … | And she put off from her the garments of her widowhood, and covered herself with her veil, and wrapped herself, and sat in the gate of Enaim, … |
| 38.15 | And when Judas saw her, he thought her to be an harlot; for she covered her face, and he knew her not. | When Judah saw her, he thought her to be a harlot; for she had covered her face. |
| 38.26 | And Judas knew them, and said, “Thamar is justified rather than I, forasmuch as I gave her not to Selom my son.” And he knew her not again. | And Judah acknowledged them, and said, She is more righteous than I, forasmuch as I gave her not to Shelah my son. And he knew her again no more. |
| 39.17 | And she spake unto him according to these words, saying, “The Hebrew servant, whom thou broughtest in unto us, came in unto me to mock me,and said unto me, ‘I will lie with thee.’ | And she spake unto him according to these words, saying, The Hebrew servant, whom thou hast brought unto us, came in unto me to mock me: |
| 39.22 | And the chief keeper of the prison gave the prison into Joseph’s hand, and all the prisoners as many as were in the prison, and all things whatsoever they do there. | And the keeper of the prison committed to Joseph’s hand all the prisoners that were in the prison; and whatsoever they did there, he was the doer of it. |
| 40.1 | And it came to pass after these things, that the chiefcupbearer of the king of Egypt and the chief baker trespassed against their lord the king of Egypt. | And it came to pass after these things, that the butler of the king of Egypt and his baker offended their lord the king of Egypt. |
| 40.3 | And he put them in prison in the sight of the jailor, in the prison, the same place whereinto Joseph had been led. | And he put them in ward in the house of the captain of the guard, into the prison, the place where Joseph was bound. |
| 40.5 | And they both had a dream, each man his dream in one night; to each his dream vision came, the chief cupbearer and the chief baker, who belonged to the king of Egypt, who were in the prison. | And they dreamed a dream both of them, each man his dream, in one night, each man according to the interpretation of his dream, the butler and the baker of the king of Egypt, who were bound in the prison. |
| 40.7 | And he asked Pharao’s eunuchs who were with him in the prison with his master, saying, “Why is it that your countenances are sad today?” | And he asked Pharaoh’s officers that were with him in ward in his master’s house, saying, Wherefore look ye so sad to-day? |
| 40.16 | And the chief baker saw that he interpreted aright. And he said unto Joseph, “I also saw a dream, and methought I took up three baskets of mealy food on my head. | When the chief baker saw that the interpretation was good, he said unto Joseph, I also was in my dream, and, behold, three baskets of white breadwere on my head: |
| 41.7 | And the seven thin ears and blasted with the wind devoured the seven choice and full ears. And Pharao awoke, and it was a dream. | And the thin ears swallowed up the seven rank and full ears. And Pharaoh awoke, and, behold, it was a dream. |
| 41.8 | And it was morning, and his soul was troubled; and he sent and called all the interpreters of Egypt, … | And it came to pass in the morning that his spirit was troubled; and he sent and called for all the magicians of Egypt, … |
| 41.11 | And we had a dream in one night, I and he; we saw, each according to his dream. | and we dreamed a dream in one night, I and he; we dreamed each man according to the interpretation of his dream. |
| 41.12 | And there was there with us a young man, an Hebrew servant of the captain of the guard; and we told him, and he interpreted to us our dreams. | And there was with us there a young man, a Hebrew, servant to the captain of the guard; and we told him, and he interpreted to us our dreams; to each man according to his dream he did interpret. |
| 41.23 | but other seven ears, thin and blasted with the wind, sprang up close tothem: | and, behold, seven ears, withered, thin, and blasted with the east wind, sprung up after them: |
| 41.34 | And let Pharao make and appoint local governors over the land; and let them take up a fifth part of all the produce of the land of Egypt in the seven plenteous years. | Let Pharaoh do this, and let him appoint overseers over the land, and take up the fifth part of the land of Egypt in the seven plenteous years. |
| 41.43 | And he mounted him on the second of his chariots, and an herald made proclamation before him; and he set him over all the land of Egypt. | and he made him to ride in the second chariot which he had: and they cried before him, Bow the knee: and he set him over all the land of Egypt. |
| 41.44 | And Pharao said unto Joseph, “I am Pharao; without thee shall no one lift up his hand in all the land of Egypt.” | And Pharaoh said unto Joseph, I am Pharaoh, and without thee shall no man lift up his hand or his foot in all the land of Egypt. |
| 41.56 | And the famine was over the face of all the earth: and Joseph opened all the granaries, and sold unto all the Egyptians. | And the famine was over all the face of the earth: and Joseph opened all the store-houses, and sold unto the Egyptians; and the famine was sore in the land of Egypt. |
| 42.9 | And Joseph remembered his dreams, which he saw, and said unto them, “Ye are spies; to observe the tracks of the land ye are come.” | And Joseph remembered the dreams which he dreamed of them, and said unto them, Ye are spies; to see the nakedness of the land ye are come. |
| 42.13 | And they said, “We thy servants are twelve brethren, in the land of Chanaan; and, behold, the youngest is this day with our father, but the other one is not.” | And they said, We thy servants are twelve brethren, the sons of one man in the land of Canaan; and, behold, the youngest is this day with our father, and one is not. |
| 42.19 | If ye be peaceable, let one of your brethren be detained in prison; but go ye, and carry back the allowance of corn ye have purchased. | if ye be true men, let one of your brethren be bound in your prison-house; but go ye, carry grain for the famine of your houses: |
| 42.28 | And he said unto his brethren, “My money hath been restored to me, and, behold, this is in my sack”: and their heart was wonder-struck, and they were troubled, saying one to another, “What is this that God hath done unto us?” | And he said unto his brethren, My money is restored; and, lo, it is even in my sack: and their heart failed them, and they turned trembling one to another, saying, What is this that God hath done unto us? |
| 42.30 | “The man, the lord of the land, spake harsh words to us, and put us in prison as spies of the land. | The man, the lord of the land, spake roughly with us, and took us for spies of the country. |
| 42.33 | And the man, the lord of the land, said unto us, ‘Herein shall I know that ye are peaceful men: leave one brother here with me, and take the allowance of corn ye have purchased for your house, and depart. | And the man, the lord of the land, said unto us, Hereby shall I know that ye are true men: leave one of your brethren with me, and take grain for the famine of your houses, and go your way; |
| 43.7 | And they said, “The man closely questioned us about our kindred also, … | And they said, The man asked straitly concerning ourselves, and concerning our kindred, … |
| 43.8 | And Judas said unto Israel his father, “Send the lad with me, and we will arise and go; that we may live and not die, both we, and thou, and ourstore. | And Judah said unto Israel his father, Send the lad with me, and we will arise and go; that we may live, and not die, both we, and thou, and also ourlittle ones. |
| 43.11 | And their father Israel said unto them, “If it be so, do this: take of the fruits of the land in your vessels, and carry down to the man presents of gum and honey, frankincense, and stacte, and turpentine, and almonds; | And their father Israel said unto them, If it be so now, do this: take of the choice fruits of the land in your vessels, and carry down the man a present, a little balm, and a little honey, spicery and myrrh, nuts, and almonds; |
| 43.14 | And my God give you favour before the man, … | and God Almighty give you mercy before the man, … |
| 43.16 | And Joseph saw them and his brother Benjamin, born of the same mother; and he said to the steward of his household … | And when Joseph saw Benjamin with them, he said to the steward of his house, … |
| 43.18 | And the men, when they perceived that they were brought into Joseph’s house, said, “We are brought in because of the money that was returned in our sacks at the first; even in order tofalsely accuse us, and lay it to our charge; to take us for servants, and our asses.” | And the men were afraid, because they were brought to Joseph’s house; and they said, Because of the money that was returned in our sacks at the first time are we brought in; that he may seek occasion against us, and fall upon us, and take us for bondmen, and our asses. |
| 43.22 | And other money have we brought with us to buy food; we know not who put the money into our sacks.” | And other money have we brought down in our hand to buy food: we know not who put our money in our sacks. |
| 43.24 | And he brought water to wash their feet; and gave their asses provender. | And the man brought the men into Joseph’s house, and gave them water,and they washed their feet; and he gave their asses provender. |
| 43.28 | And they said, “Thy servant our father is well; he is yet alive.” And he said, “Blessed be that man by God”; and they bowed, and did him reverence. | And they said, Thy servant our father is well, he is yet alive. And they bowed the head, and made obeisance. |
| 43.30 | And Joseph was troubled, for his heart yearned over his brother, … | And Joseph made haste; for his heart yearned over his brother: … |
| 44.21 | And thou saidst unto thy servants, ‘Bring him down to me, and I will take care of him.’ | And thou saidst unto thy servants, Bring him down unto me, that I may set mine eyes upon him. |
| 44.28 | and one is departed from me; and ye said that he was devoured of wild beasts, and I have not seen him since. | and the one went out from me, and I said, Surely he is torn in pieces; and I have not seen him since: |
| 44.32 | For thy servant hath received the lad in charge from his father, saying, ‘If I bring him not unto thee, and stand him before thee, I shall be guilty toward my father for ever.’ | For thy servant became surety for the lad unto my father, saying, If I bring him not unto thee, then shall I bear the blame to my father for ever. |
| 45.3 | And Joseph said unto his brethren, “I am Joseph; doth my father yet live?” And his brethren could not answer him; for they were troubled. | And Joseph said unto his brethren, I am Joseph; doth my father yet live? And his brethren could not answer him; for they were troubled at his presence. |
| 45.7 | For God sent me before you, that there might be left to you a remnant upon the earth, even to nourish a great remnant of you. | And God sent me before you to preserve you a remnant in the earth, and to save you alive by a great deliverance. |
| 45.10 | And thou shalt dwell in the land of Gesem of Arabia; and thou shalt be near me, thou, and thy children, and thy children’s children, thy sheep, and thine oxen, and whatsoever things are thine. | and thou shalt dwell in the land of Goshen, and thou shalt be near unto me, thou, and thy children, and thy children’s children, and thy flocks, and thyherds, and all that thou hast: |
| 45.11 | And there will I nourish thee; for the famine is yet for five years; lest thou, and thy sons, and all thy possessions, be consumed. | and there will I nourish thee; for there are yet five years of famine; lest thou come to poverty, thou, and thy household, and all that thou hast. |
| 45.18 | And take up your father, and your possessions, and come unto me; and I will give you of all the goods of Egypt, and ye shall eat the marrow of the land. | and take your father and your households, and come unto me: and I will give you the good of the land of Egypt, and ye shall eat the fat of the land. |
| 45.23 | And to his father he sent like presents, and ten asses, bearing some of all the good things of Egypt, and ten mules, bearing bread for his father for thy journey. | And to his father he sent after this manner: ten asses laden with the good things of Egypt, and ten she-asses laden with grain and bread and provision for his father by the way. |
| 45.26 | And they told him, saying, “Thy son Joseph liveth, and he is ruler over all the land of Egypt.” And Jacob was amazed, for he believed them not. | And they told him, saying, Joseph is yet alive, and he is ruler over all the land of Egypt. And his heart fainted, for he believed them not. |
| 46.3 | And he sayeth unto him, “I am the God of thy fathers; … | And he said, I am God, the God of thy father: … |
| 46.5 | And Jacob rose up from The Well of the Oath; and the sons of Israel took up their father, and the baggage, and their wives on the wagons, whichJoseph sent to take them. | And Jacob rose up from Beer-sheba: and the sons of Israel carried Jacobtheir father, and their little ones, and their wives, in the wagons whichPharaoh had sent to carry him. |
| 46.6 | And they took up their goods, and all their property, which they had gotten in the land of Chanaan; they came into Egypt, Jacob, and all his seed with him: | And they took their cattle, and their goods, which they had gotten in the land of Canaan, and came into Egypt, Jacob, and all his seed with him: |
| 46.20 | And there were sons born to Joseph in the land of Egypt, whom Aseneth the daughter of Petephres priest of Heliopolis, bare unto him, even Manasses and Ephraim. And there were sons born to Manasses, which the Syrian concubine bare to him, even Machir. And Machir begat Galaad. And the sons of Ephraim, the brother of Manasses: Sutalaam and Taam. And the sons of Sutalaam: Edem. | And unto Joseph in the land of Egypt were born Manasseh and Ephraim, whom Asenath, the daughter of Poti-phera priest of On, bare unto him. |
| 46.21 | And the sons of Benjamin: Bala, and Chobor, and Asbel. And the sons of Bala were Gera, and Noeman, and Anchis, and Ros, and Mamphim, and Ophimin. And Gera begat Arad. | And the sons of Benjamin: Bela, and Becher, and Ashbel, Gera, and Naaman, Ehi, and Rosh, Muppim, and Huppim, and Ard. |
| 46.22 | These are the sons of Rachel, which she bare to Jacob: all the soulseighteen. | These are the sons of Rachel, who were born to Jacob: all the souls werefourteen. |
| 46.27 | and the sons of Joseph, who were born to him in the land of Egypt, werenine souls; all the souls of the house of Jacob, who came into Egypt, werethreescore and fifteen souls. | and the sons of Joseph, who were born to him in Egypt, were two souls: all the souls of the house of Jacob, that came into Egypt, were threescore and ten. |
| 46.28 | And he sent Judas before him unto Joseph, to meet him to the city of Heroes, into the land of Ramesses. | And he sent Judah before him unto Joseph, to show the way before him unto Goshen; and they came into the land of Goshen. |
| 46.29 | And Joseph made ready his chariots, and went up to meet Israel his father,at the city of Heroes; … | And Joseph made ready his chariot, and went up to meet Israel his father, to Goshen; … |
| 46.31 | And Joseph said unto his brethren, “I will go up … | And Joseph said unto his brethren, and unto his father’s house, I will go up, … |
| 47.5 | And Pharao said unto Joseph, “Let them dwell in the land of Gesem. And if thou knowest that there are among them able men, make them overseers of my cattle.” So Jacob and his sons came into Egypt, unto Joseph. And Pharao, king of Egypt, heard of it. And Pharao spake unto Joseph, saying, “Thy father and thy brethren are come unto thee: |
And Pharaoh spake unto Joseph, saying, Thy father and thy brethren are come unto thee: |
| 47.6 | behold, the land of Egypt is before thee; in the best land settle thy father and thy brethren.” | the land of Egypt is before thee; in the best of the land make thy father and thy brethren to dwell; in the land of Goshen let them dwell: and if thou knowest any able men among them, then make them rulers over my cattle. |
| 47.12 | And Joseph gave provision to his father, and his brethren, and to all the house of his father, corn for each person. | And Joseph nourished his father, and his brethren, and all his father’s household, with bread, according to their families. |
| 47.18 | And that year passed, and they came unto him in the second year, and said unto him, “Must we then be destroyed from before our lord? for if our money hath failed, and our possessions, and our cattle, brought to thee our lord, and there hath not been left to us before our lord more than our own bodies and our land, we are indeed destitute. | And when that year was ended, they came unto him the second year, and said unto him, We will not hide from my lord, how that our money is all spent; and the herds of cattle are my lord’s; there is nought left in the sight of my lord, but our bodies, and our lands: |
| 47.19 | … give seed that we may sow, and live and not die, so our land shall not be made desolate.” | … and give us seed, that we may live, and not die, and that the land be not desolate. |
| 47.20 | And Joseph bought all the land of the Egyptians for Pharao; for the Egyptians sold their land to Pharao, because the famine prevailed against them: and the land became Pharao’s. | So Joseph bought all the land of Egypt for Pharaoh; for the Egyptians soldevery man his field, because the famine was sore upon them: and the land became Pharaoh’s. |
| 47.21 | And he brought the people into bondage to him, for servants, from one extremity of Egypt to the other, | And as for the people, he removed them to the cities from one end of the border of Egypt even to the other end thereof. |
| 47.24 | And there shall be the fruits thereof; and ye shall give the fifth part unto Pharao, and the four remaining parts shall be for yourselves, for seed for the earth, and for food for you, and all that are in your houses.” | And it shall come to pass at the ingatherings, that ye shall give a fifth unto Pharaoh, and four parts shall be your own, for seed of the field, and for your food, and for them of your households, and for food for your little ones. |
| 47.31 | And he said, “Swear unto me.” And he sware unto him. And Israelworshipped, leaning upon the top of his staff. | And he said, Swear unto me: and he sware unto him. And Israel bowed himself upon the bed’s head. |
| 48.1 | And it came to pass after these things, that it was reported to Joseph, “Behold, thy father is ill.” And he took his two sons, Manasses and Ephraim, and came unto Jacob. | And it came to pass after these things, that one said to Joseph, Behold, thy father is sick: and he took with him his two sons, Manasseh and Ephraim. |
| 48.7 | “And as for me, when I came out of Mesopotamia of Syria, Rachel, thy mother, died in the land of Chanaan, as I drew nigh to the hippodrome of Chabratha of the land of Chanaan, so as to come to Ephratha; and I buried her in the way of the hippodrome; this is Bethlehem.” | And as for me, when I came from Paddan, Rachel died by me in the land of Canaan in the way, when there was still some distance to come unto Ephrath: and I buried her there in the way to Ephrath (the same is Beth-lehem). |
| 48.11 | And Israel said unto Joseph, “Behold, I have not been deprived of seeing thy face, and, lo, God hath shewed me also thy seed.” | And Israel said unto Joseph, I had not thought to see thy face: and, lo, God hath let me see thy seed also. |
| 48.14 | But Israel stretched out his right hand, and laid it upon Ephraim’s head, and he was the younger; and his left hand upon Manasses’ head, guiding his hands crosswise. | And Israel stretched out his right hand, and laid it upon Ephraim’s head, who was the younger, and his left hand upon Manasseh’s head, guiding his hands wittingly; for Manasseh was the first-born. |
| 48.15 | And he blessed them and said, “The God in whose sight my fathers Abraham and Isaac were well pleasing, the God who continueth to feed me from my youth until this day; | And he blessed Joseph, and said, The God before whom my fathers Abraham and Isaac did walk, the God who hath fed me all my life long unto this day, |
| 48.20 | And he blessed them in that day, saying, “In you shall Israel be blessed, saying, ‘God make thee as Ephraim and Manasses.’ “ And he set Ephraim before Manasses. | And he blessed them that day, saying, In thee will Israel bless, saying, God make thee as Ephraim and as Manasseh: and he set Ephraim before Manasseh. |
| 48.22 | And I give to thee Sicima, a select portion above thy brethren, which I took out of the hand of the Amorites with my sword and bow.” | Moreover I have given to thee one portion above thy brethren, which I took out of the hand of the Amorite with my sword and with my bow. |
| 49.3 | “Reuben, thou art my firstborn, thou my strength, and the first of mychildren, hard to be endured, hard and selfwilled. | Reuben, thou art my first-born, my might, and the beginning of mystrength; The pre-eminence of dignity, and the pre-eminence of power. |
| 49.4 | Breaking out in insolence, thou should not have boiled over as water, for thou wentest up to thy father’s bed; then thou defiledst the couch, whereupon thou wentest up. | Boiling over as water, thou shalt not have the pre-eminence; Because thou wentest up to thy father’s bed; Then defiledst thou it: he went up to my couch. |
| 49.6 | Let not my soul come into their counsel, andupon their friendship let not mine inward parts lean: for in their wrath they slew men, and in their passion they houghed a bull. | O my soul, come not thou into their council; Unto their assembly, my glory, be not thou united; For in their anger they slew a man, And in their self-will they hocked an ox. |
| 49.9 | Juda is a lion’s whelp: from the tender plant, my son, thou art gone up. Having couched, thou liest down as a lion, and as a lion’s whelp; who shall rouse him up? | Judah is a lion’s whelp; From the prey, my son, thou art gone up: He stooped down, he couched as a lion, And as a lioness; who shall rouse him up? |
| 49.10 | A ruler shall not fail from Juda, nor a prince from his loins, until he cometh for whom it is reserved; and he is the expectation of nations. | The sceptre shall not depart from Judah, Nor the ruler’s staff from between his feet, Until Shiloh come; And unto him shall the obedience of the peoples be. |
| 49.14 | “Issachar hath desired that which is good; resting between the inheritances. | Issachar is a strong ass, Couching down between the sheepfolds: |
| 49.15 | And when he saw the resting place that it was good, and the land that it was fertile, he subjected his shoulder to labour, and became anhusbandman. | And he saw a resting-place that it was good, And the land that it waspleasant; And he bowed his shoulder to bear, And became a servant under taskwork. |
| 49.17 | And let Dan be a serpent in the way, lying in ambush upon the path, biting the horse’s heel; and the rider shall fall backward. | Dan shall be a serpent in the way, An adder in the path, That biteth the horse’s heels, So that his rider falleth backward. |
| 49.19 | “Gad, a plundering troop shall plunder him; but he shall plunder them,pursuing at their feet. | Gad, a troop shall press upon him; But he shall press upon their heel. |
| 49.21 | “Nephthalim is a spreading stem, bestowing beauty on its fruit. | Naphtali is a hind let loose: He giveth goodly words. |
| 49.22 | “Joseph is a son exalted; my dearly loved son is magnified; my youngest son, turn to me. | Joseph is a fruitful bough, A fruitful bough by a fountain; His branches run over the wall. |
| 49.23 | Against whom men taking evil counsel reproached him, and the archerspressed hard upon him. | The archers have sorely grieved him, And shot at him, and persecuted him: |
| 49.24 | But their bows were mightily broken, and the sinews of their arms were slackened by the hand of the mighty one of Jacob; thence is he that strengthened Israel | But his bow abode in strength, And the arms of his hands were made strong, By the hands of the Mighty One of Jacob (From thence is the shepherd, the stone of Israel), |
| 49.25 | from the God of thy father; and my God helped thee, and he blessed thee with the blessing of heaven from above, and the blessing of the earth possessing all things, because of the blessing of the breasts and of the womb, | Even by the God of thy father, who shall help thee, And by the Almighty, who shall bless thee, With blessings of heaven above, Blessings of thedeep that coucheth beneath, Blessings of the breasts, and of the womb. |
| 49.26 | the blessings of thy father and thy mother–it hath prevailed above the blessing of the lasting mountains, and beyond the blessings of theeverlasting hills; they shall be upon the head of Joseph, and upon the headof the brothers of whom he took the lead. | The blessings of thy father Have prevailed above the blessings of my progenitors Unto the utmost bound of the everlasting hills: They shall be on the head of Joseph, And on the crown of the head of him that was separate from his brethren. |
| 49.27 | “Benjamin is as a ravening wolf; in the morning he shall eat still, and at evening he giveth food.” | Benjamin is a wolf that raveneth: In the morning he shall devour the prey, And at even he shall divide the spoil. |
| 49.28 | All these are the twelve sons of Jacob; … | All these are the twelve tribes of Israel: … |
| 49.30 | in the double cave which is opposite Mambre, in the land of Chanaan, the cave which Abraham bought of Ephron the Chettite for a possession of a sepulchre. | in the cave that is in the field of Machpelah, which is before Mamre, in the land of Canaan, which Abraham bought with the field from Ephron the Hittite for a possession of a burying-place. |
| 50.2 | And Joseph commanded his servants the embalmers to embalm his father; and the embalmers embalmed Israel. | And Joseph commanded his servants the physicians to embalm his father: and the physicians embalmed Israel. |
| 50.4 | And when the days of mourning were past, Joseph spake unto the princesof Pharao, saying, “If I have found favour in your sight, speak concerning me in the ears of Pharao, saying, | And when the days of weeping for him were past, Joseph spake unto thehouse of Pharaoh, saying, If now I have found favor in your eyes, speak, I pray you, in the ears of Pharaoh, saying, |
| 50.8 | And all the household of Joseph, and his brethren, and all his father’s house, and his kindred; and the sheep and the oxen they left behind in the land of Gesem. | and all the house of Joseph, and his brethren, and his father’s house: only their little ones, and their flocks, and their herds, they left in the land of Goshen. |
| 50.12 | And thus his sons did unto him, and they buried him there: | And his sons did unto him according as he commanded them: |
| 50.14 | And Joseph returned into Egypt, he and his brethren, and those that had gone up with him to bury his father. | And Joseph returned into Egypt, he, and his brethren, and all that went up with him to bury his father, after he had buried his father. |
| 50.16 | And they came unto Joseph, and said, “Thy father adjured us before his death, saying, | And they sent a message unto Joseph, saying, Thy father did command before he died, saying, |
| 50.18 | And they came unto him, and said, “We here are thy servants.” | And his brethren also went and fell down before his face; and they said, Behold, we are thy servants. |
| 50.19 | And Joseph said unto them, “Fear not, for I am God’s servant. | And Joseph said unto them, Fear not: for am I in the place of God? |
| 50.20 | Ye took counsel against me for evil, but God took counsel for me for good, that it might be as it is today, and much people might be fed.” | And as for you, ye meant evil against me; but God meant it for good, to bring to pass, as it is this day, to save much people alive. |
| 50.21 | And he said unto them, “Fear not: I will nourish you, and your families.” And he comforted them, and spake kindly unto them. | Now therefore fear ye not: I will nourish you, and your little ones. And he comforted them, and spake kindly unto them. |
| 50.22 | And Joseph dwelt in Egypt, he and his brethren, and all his father’s family; and Joseph lived an hundred and ten years. | And Joseph dwelt in Egypt, he, and his father’s house: and Joseph lived a hundred and ten years. |